Muʿāwiya I

Notes

1. ^ , romanized: Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān
2. ^
3. ^ . Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah and Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, two other companions of Muhammad who reports in the early Islamic sources connect to the city's conquest, are mentioned as witnesses. The date of the inscription is several years after Abu Ubayda's death and roughly corresponds with the death of Abd al-Rahman, but coincides with the governorship of Mu'awiya, who was a scribe. Sharon thus surmises the inscription was a legal document written by Mu'awiya to commemorate the surrender.
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5. ^
6. ^
7. ^ came to mean a civil war or rebellion which causes rifts in the unified Muslim community and endangers believers' faith.
8. ^
9. ^ holds that Mu'awiya rebuilt the Temple Mount's walls. The mid-10th-century Arabic chronicler Ibn Tahir explicitly states that Mu'awiya built a mosque on the site.
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11. ^
12. ^