Military simulation

Military simulations, also known informally as war games, are simulations in which theories of warfare can be tested and refined without the need for actual hostilities. Simulations exist in many different forms, at varying scales and with varying degrees of realism. In recent years, simulation has been deployed extensively for operational training of personnel. In some situations, the same battlespace simulation tools used in training and skills development are also being used for mission planning in the field.

Military simulations are seen as a useful way to develop both operational skills and tactical, strategical, and doctrinal solutions. Critics argue that the tactical, strategical, and conclusions drawn from such models may be inherently flawed, due to the approximate nature of the models used. Nonetheless, many governments make use of simulation, both individually and collaboratively, as a means by which to test and refine their military and political policies.

The scope of simulations has widened to include not only military but also political and social factors, which are seen as inextricably entwined in a realistic warfare model. Comprehensive modern battlespace simulation models not only traditional factors (e.g., land features, structures, infrastructure, weapons systems, troop movements) but also weather, radar beams, radio transmissions, jamming, IR signatures, and other elements in the electromagnetic spectrum within the operational areas of interest.