Lintian Republic

The Lintian Republic (Chinese: 霖田公司, Hakka/Dutch: Lim-Thian; "Misty fields company"), known post-1850 as Xinle Republic (Chinese: 新樂公司, Hakka/Dutch: Xim-Lok; "New happiness company") was an autonomous Chinese kongsi federation located in Budok [id] (Chinese: 烏落, Hakka: Boedok), Lembah Bawang [id] kecamatan, Bengkayang Regency of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. It joined the Heshun Confederation in 1850 and was dissolved in 1854 at the hands of the Dutch East Indies.Pre-1850 coin circulated among the Lintian kongsi. The front says in Chinese 霖田公司 "Lintian kongsi", while the back has an unknown Manchu legend (possibly a corruption of the words "boo ciowan", the mark of the Ministry of Revenue mint in Beijing) Demographics Early on, settlers in Lintian were mainly banshanke ("half-mountain Hakkas"), a bilingual group that spoke both Hakka and Hokkien, all exclusively from the Jiexi County. In fact, Lintian was named so after a temple in Jieyang, a city of Jiexi County, the Jieyang Lintian ancestral temple (揭阳霖田祖庙), dedicated to the Sanshan Guowang (Lords of the Three Mountains). Indeed, the Sanshan Guowang cult also played a very important role in t