Kingdom of Amber

The Kingdom of Amber, later the Kingdom of Jaipur, was located in the historic north-eastern Dhundhar region of Rajputana and was ruled by the Kachwaha Rajput clan. It was established by Rao Dulha Rai, possibly the last ruler of the Kachchhapaghata dynasty of Gwalior, who later migrated from Narwar to Dausa and established his kingdom there with the support of Chahamanas of Shakambhari with coalition of Gaur dynasty of Sheopur in the 11th century. Primarily through the period spanning between the 11th and 15th centuries, the kingdom faced stagnation, and resources were scarce.

Under Raja Bharmal, the kingdom became a vassal of the Mughal Empire under Akbar. His son and grandson, Raja Bhagwant Das and Raja Man Singh I respectively, were leading generals in Akbar's army and helped him in expanding the empire. Mariam-uz-Zamani, popularly identified by the misnomer Jodha Bai, was Akbar's chief consort, and gave birth to Akbar's successor Jahangir. Mirza Raja Jai Singh I served under Shah Jahan and became a distinguished general. He fell out of Aurangzeb's favour when he was suspected of helping Shivaji escape from Mughal captivity in 1664. Sawai Jai Singh II became the ruler as the Mughal Empire waned. He successfully rebelled against the Mughals in 1708 to wrest back control over the kingdom. After Jai Singh's death, the kingdom was drained of its resources during the civil war amongst his sons Ishwari Singh and Madho Singh I and the Marathas.

It became a princely state under the English East India Company after signing a treaty in 1818 that led to a subsidiary alliance with the latter, following the Third Anglo-Maratha War. It acceded to an independent India in 1947 and was integrated into the Union by 1949. Upon integration, the ruler was granted a pension (privy purse), certain privileges, and the use of the title "Maharaja of Jaipur" by the Government of India. However, the pension, privileges, and the use of the title were stripped in 1971 by the 26th Amendment to the Constitution of India.