Kaliningrad Oblast

Kaliningrad Oblast (Russian: Калининградская область, romanized: Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ) is the westernmost federal subject of Russia. It is a semi-exclave on the Baltic Sea within the historical Baltic region of Prussia, bordered by Poland to the south, Lithuania to the north and east, and the Baltic Sea to the west. The largest city and administrative centre is Kaliningrad. The port town of Baltiysk is Russia's only port on the Baltic Sea that remains ice-free in winter. Kaliningrad Oblast had a population of roughly one million in the 2021 Russian census. It has an area of 15,125 square kilometres (5,840 sq mi).

The territory that is now Kaliningrad was formerly the northern part of East Prussia and overwhelmingly inhabited by Germans. Following the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II, the Soviet Union annexed the region into the Russian SFSR. In the post-war era, the flight and expulsion of Germans left the area largely unpopulated until it was resettled by Soviet citizens, mostly ethnic Russians, who make up the area's dominant demographic today.