Joint centration

Joint centration refers to the positioning and alignment of the body’s joints. A centrated joint is typically considered to be in a centred or neutral position both when static and throughout a range of movement. How the parts of the joint connect and what contact there is between the corresponding surfaces is of fundamental importance. Centration is considered in a positive sense meaning that a centrated joint is positioned and aligned in a manner that is superior to a joint which is decentrated. For example, if the top of the upper arm (humerus) is positioned and aligned within the shoulder socket (glenoid fossa) in a centrated way, then this ensures the best biomechanical advantage both in static positions and during movement. This is also known as glenohumeral stabilisation. A shoulder which is more centrated means that the humerus is positioned and aligned within the glenoid fossa so that their respective surfaces are in contact with each other in a more efficient manner thereby increasing the overall level of functionality. Joint centration also reduces negative friction and pressure within the joint, enhances the potential for biomechanical leverage, improves motor control and reduces injury risk.

The study of joint centration is important in biomechanics, physiotherapy, sports science, kinesiology, sport and fitness training programmes.