Jahandar Shah

Jahandar Shah (Mirza Mu'izz-ud-Din Beg Muhammad Khan; 10 May 1661 – 11 February 1713) was the ninth Mughal emperor briefly from 1712 to 1713.

Jahandar Shah was the eldest son of Sultan Bahadur Shah I, He ascended the throne of his forefathers after a bloody conflict against his brothers: Azim-ush-Shan, Rafi-ush-Shan, and Jahan Shah. It ended up with his victory and the deaths of all his brothers. His vizier, Zulfiqar Khan was among his most prominent supporters and one of the main pillars of his power during that confrontation, playing a decisive role in securing his throne and establishing his authority.

Jahandar Shah is considered the first Mughal emperor to serve as little more than a Puppet ruler, as he came under the control of his vizier. Historians agree that he lacked the political and administrative qualities necessary to preserve the empire of his forefathers, Far from expanding the empire or strengthening its foundations; he became known for indulgence and debauchery, devoting himself to gatherings of music, entertainment, and drinking, as well as the company of women, dancers, and singers, while neglecting the affairs of state and the administration of its institutions.