Topic summary
Integral calculus
Extracted from the Wikipedia article Integral.
Pre-calculus integration
The next significant advances in integral calculus did not begin to appear until the 17th century. At this time, the work of Cavalieri with his method of indivisibles, and work by Fermat, began to lay the foundations of modern calculus, with Cavalieri computing the integrals of x up to degree n = 9 in Cavalieri's quadrature formula. The case n = −1 required the invention of a function, the hyperbolic logarithm, achieved by quadrature of the hyperbola in 1647.