Independent rock

Etymology and characteristics

By the early 1980s, the earliest known use of the term "indie rock" was made in an article of Billboard magazine, titled "Despite Hard Times, Indie Rock Labels Survive" on 15 January 1983 by writer Roman Kozak, in which he used a short-hand for the term "independent rock", to describe a growing trend of successful independent record labels in New York that primarily focused on the emerging alternative rock music scene. Indie rock originally described a style of alternative rock that was associated with small and relatively low-budget independent labels a do-it-yourself attitude. Drawing influences from punk, psychedelia and post-punk. Although record deals were later often struck with major corporate companies, "indie rock" became more closely associated with a specific style of rock music rather than its mode of distribution.