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Topic summary

Hydrogen fluoride

Hydrogen fluoride
Names Systematic IUPAC name
Fluorane
Other names
Hydrogenfluoride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard100.028.759KEGG
RTECS number
  • MW7875000
UNII
UN number1052
  • InChI=1S/FH/h1H
    Key: KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/FH/h1H
    Key: KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYAC
  • F
Properties HF Molar mass20.006 g·mol Appearance colourless gas or colourless liquid (below 19.5 °C) Odorunpleasant, but at extremely low concentrations odor is slightly minty / sweetish Density1.15 g/L, gas (25 °C)
0.99 g/mL, liquid (19.5 °C)
1.663 g/mL, solid (−125 °C) Melting point−83.6 °C (−118.5 °F; 189.6 K) Boiling point19.5 °C (67.1 °F; 292.6 K) miscible (liquid) Vapor pressure783 mmHg (20 °C) Acidity (pKa) 3.17 (in water),

15 (in DMSO)

Conjugate acidFluoroniumConjugate baseFluoride1.00001 Structure Linear1.86 DThermochemistry 8.687 J/g K (gas) −13.66 kJ/g (gas)
−14.99 kJ/g (liquid) Hazards Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Highly toxic, corrosive, irritant GHS labelling: DangerH300+H310+H330, H314P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P302+P350, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P320, P321, P330, P361, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
4
0
1
POI
Flash pointnone Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): 17 mg/kg (rat, oral) 1276 ppm (rat, 1 hr)
1774 ppm (monkey, 1 hr)
4327 ppm (guinea pig, 15 min) 313 ppm (rabbit, 7 hr) NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 3 ppm
REL (Recommended)
TWA 3 ppm (2.5 mg/m) C 6 ppm (5 mg/m) [15 min]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
30 ppm Related compounds
Other anions
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen iodide
Hydrogen astatide
Other cations
Sodium fluoride
Potassium fluoride
Rubidium fluoride
Caesium fluoride
Related compounds
Water
Ammonia
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Hydrogen fluoride is an inorganic compound with chemical formulaHF. It is a colorless gas or liquid that dissolves in water to yield hydrofluoric acid and fumes strongly in air (hydrofluoric acid fumes rising being lighter than air). It is the principal industrial source of fluorine, often in the form of hydrofluoric acid, and is an important feedstock in the preparation of many important compounds including pharmaceuticals and polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). HF is also widely used in the petrochemical industry as a component of superacids. Due to strong and extensive hydrogen bonding, it boils near room temperature, a much higher temperature than other hydrogen halides.

Hydrogen fluoride is an extremely dangerous gas. It readily forms the highly corrosivehydrofluoric acid upon contact with moisture. The gas can also cause blindness by rapid destruction of the corneas.

Wikipedia source