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Topic summary

Hydrogen chloride

Hydrogen chloride
Names IUPAC name
Hydrogen chloride
Systematic IUPAC name
Chlorane
Other names
Anhydrous hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid gas
Hydrochloric gas
Hydrochloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1098214 ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard100.028.723EC Number
  • 231-595-7
322 KEGG
MeSHHydrochloric+acid
RTECS number
  • MW4025000
UNII
UN number1050
  • InChI=1S/HCl/h1H
    Key: VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/HCl/h1H
    Key: VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYAT
  • Cl
Properties HCl Molar mass36.46 g·mol Appearance Colorless gas Odorpungent; sharp and burning Density1.49 g/L Melting point−114.22 °C (−173.60 °F; 158.93 K) Boiling point−85.05 °C (−121.09 °F; 188.10 K) 823 g/L (0 °C)
720 g/L (20 °C)
561 g/L (60 °C) Solubilitysoluble in methanol, ethanol, ether and waterVapor pressure4352 kPa (at 21.1 °C) Acidity (pKa) −3.0; −5.9 (±0.4) Basicity (pKb) 17.0 Conjugate acidChloroniumConjugate baseChloride1.0004456 (gas)
1.254 (liquid) Viscosity0.311 cP (−100 °C) Structure linear 1.05 D Thermochemistry 0.7981 J/(K·g) 186.902 J/(K·mol) −92.31 kJ/mol −95.31 kJ/mol Pharmacology A09AB03 (WHO) B05XA13 (WHO) Hazards Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Toxic, corrosive GHS labelling: DangerH314, H331P261, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340+P310, P305+P351+P338, P410+P403NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
3
0
1
COR
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): 238 mg/kg (rat, oral) 3124 ppm (rat, 1 h)
1108 ppm (mouse, 1 h) 1300 ppm (human, 30 min)
4416 ppm (rabbit, 30 min)
4416 ppm (guinea pig, 30 min)
3000 ppm (human, 5 min) NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
C 5 ppm (7 mg/m)
REL (Recommended)
C 5 ppm (7 mg/m)
IDLH (Immediate danger)
50 ppm Related compounds
Related compounds
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen iodide
Hydrogen astatide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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The compoundhydrogen chloride has the chemical formulaHCl and as such is a hydrogen halide. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric water vapor. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid are important in technology and industry. Hydrochloric acid, the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, is also commonly given the formula HCl.

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