Hindu Shahi

Medieval dynasty of Gandhara and Punjab (822–1026)Today part ofPakistanIndiaAfghanistanThe Hindu Shahis, also referred to as the Kabul Shahis and Odi Shahis, were a dynasty that ruled Kabulistan, Gandhara and Punjab between 822 CE and 1026 CE, succeeding the Turk Shahis. The dynasty was founded by Kalarapāla in c. 822 CE after overthrowing Lagaturman, the last Turk Shahi king. His successor Samantadeva lost the region of Kabul to the Saffarid dynasty, but Lalliya soon re-conquered Kabul and subdued the region of Zabulistan as well. He also fought against the Utpala dynasty. The reign of Bhimadeva saw conflict with the Samanid dynasty, while his successor Jayapala struggled against the newly formed Ghaznavid dynasty. He was defeated and lost territories west of Indus in 1001 CE. The Shahis continue to resist the Ghaznavids for over two decades but were unsuccessful, resulting in the fall of the dynasty in 1026 CE. NameThe name of the dynasty, Hindu Shahis, in English comes from the epithet ascribed to them by al-Biruni, who mentioned in his Taḥqīq mā li-l-Hind that Shahi of Kabul (bi-šāhiyya kābul) i.e Turk Shahis were succeeded by the Shahi of al-Hind (al-šāhiyya al-hin