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Topic summary

Formic acid

Formic acid
Names Preferred IUPAC name
Formic acid
Systematic IUPAC name
Methanoic acid
Other names
  • Formylic acid
  • Methylic acid
  • Hydrogencarboxylic acid
  • Hydroxy(oxo)methane
  • Metacarbonoic acid
  • Oxocarbinic acid
  • Oxomethanol
  • Hydroxymethylene oxide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1209246 ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard100.000.527EC Number
  • 200-579-1
E numberE236 (preservatives)1008 KEGG
RTECS number
  • LQ4900000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/HCOOH/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3)
    Key: BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/HCOOH/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3)
    Key: BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYAT
  • O=CO
Properties CH2O2Molar mass46.025 g·mol Appearance Colorless fuming liquid OdorPungent, penetrating, similar to vinegar (acetic acid) Density1.220g/mL Melting point8.4 °C (47.1 °F; 281.5 K) Boiling point100.8 °C (213.4 °F; 373.9 K) Miscible SolubilityMiscible with ether, acetone, ethyl acetate, glycerol, methanol, ethanol
Partially soluble in benzene, toluene, xyleneslog P−0.54 Vapor pressure35mmHg (20 °C) Acidity (pKa) 3.745 Conjugate baseFormate−19.90×10 cm/mol1.3714 (20 °C) Viscosity1.57cP at 268 °C Structure 1.41D (gas) Thermochemistry 131.8J/mol K −425.0kJ/mol −254.6kJ/mol Pharmacology QP53AG01 (WHO) Hazards Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Corrosive; irritant;
sensitizer GHS labelling: DangerH314P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, P501NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
3
2
0
Flash point69 °C (156 °F; 342 K) 601 °C (1,114 °F; 874 K) Explosive limits14–34%
18–57% (90% solution) Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): 700mg/kg (mouse, oral), 1100mg/kg (rat, oral), 4000mg/kg (dog, oral) 7853ppm (rat, 15min)
3246ppm (mouse, 15min) NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 5ppm (9mg/m)
REL (Recommended)
TWA 5ppm (9mg/m)
IDLH (Immediate danger)
30ppm Safety data sheet (SDS) MSDS from JT BakerRelated compounds Acetic acid
Propionic acid
Related compounds
Formaldehyde
MethanolSupplementary data page Formic acid (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Formic acid (from Latin formica'ant'), systematically namedmethanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid. It has the chemical formula HCOOH and structure H−C(=O)−O−H. This acid is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in some ants. Esters, salts, and the anion derived from formic acid are called formates. Industrially, formic acid is produced from carbon monoxide.

Wikipedia source