First All-Union Congress of Soviets

OverviewLegislative bodyCongress of Soviets of the Soviet UnionJurisdictionSoviet UnionMeeting placeBolshoi TheatreTermDecember 30, 1922Chairman of the CongressMikhail KalininCongress SecretaryAvel YenukidzeParty controlRussian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)

The First All-Union Congress of Soviets (Russian: I Всесоюзный съезд Советов, IPA:) was a congress of representatives of Soviets of workers, peasants and Red Army deputies, held on December 30, 1922, in Moscow. The congress was attended by 2,215 delegates (1,727 from the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, 364 from the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, 91 from the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, and 33 from the Belarusian Socialist Soviet Republic). Kalinin was elected chairman of the congress, but Vladimir Lenin, who was not present at the congress due to illness, was elected honorary chairman of the congress. Over 90% of the delegates were members of the Russian Communist Party; two were left-wing social federalists of the Caucasus, one was an anarchist, and two were members of the Jewish Social Democratic Party.

The congress approved the Declaration and the Treaty on the Formation of a New State – the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Four states have united in the Soviet Union: Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, Belarusian Socialist Soviet Republic, Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. In addition, the congress elected the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union.