European powers

References

1. ^ 2008.
2. ^
3. ^ 44. ISBN .{{}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility ()
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6. ^Accordingly, the great powers after the Cold War are Britain, China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia and the United States p. 59.
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11. ^
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13. ^ . McGraw-Hill. p. 131. ISBN .
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15. ^ 2025.
16. ^ . Oxford: Clarendon. p. xxiv. ISBN .{{}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility ()
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18. ^ . International Security. 18 (2): 50. doi:10.2307/2539097. JSTOR 2539097. S2CID 154473957. Archived from the original(PDF) on 6 April 2020 2017 – via International Relations Exam Database.
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24. ^ 2016.
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28. ^ 2023.
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30. ^ 28, 36–44. ISBN .{{}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility ()
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33. ^ on 16 June 2007 2008.
34. ^ 2008.
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42. ^ . Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN .
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46. ^ 2008.
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48. ^ on 15 April 2013 2013.
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51. ^ . As long as Russia's rationality of government deviates from present-day hegemonic neo-liberal models by favouring direct state rule rather than indirect governance, the West will not recognize Russia as a fully-fledged great power.
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56. ^ By Phillips P. O'Brien, Foreign Affairs magazine, 29 June 2023.
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60. ^ by Stephen Kotkin, Foreign Affairs magazine, May/June 2016. Published on 18 April 2016.
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63. ^ , Foreign Affairs magazine, Published 18 August 2014.
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65. ^ 2013.
66. ^ . The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022.
67. ^ 425. doi:10.1017/S0007123401000151.
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75. ^ ("The United States is the sole world's superpower. France, Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom are great powers").
76. ^ ("The great powers are super-sovereign states: an exclusive club of the most powerful states economically, militarily, politically and strategically. These states include veto-wielding members of the United Nations Security Council (United States, United Kingdom, France, China, and Russia), as well as economic powerhouses such as Germany, Italy and Japan.")
77. ^ (During the Kosovo War (1998) "...Contact Group consisting of six great powers (the United states, Russia, France, Britain, Germany and Italy).")
78. ^ 2016.
79. ^ 2020. Traditionally, great powers have been defined by their global reach and ability to direct the flow of international affairs. There are a number of recognised great powers within the context of contemporary international relations – with Great Britain, France, India and Russia recognised as nuclear-capable great powers, while Germany, Italy and Japan are identified as conventional great powers.
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82. ^ (Press release). unmisssions.org. 11 July 2018 2022.
83. ^ 2016.
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88. ^ 2024.
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94. ^ (see section on 'The G6/G7: great power governance').
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96. ^ 32. ISBN . (The G8 as a Concert of Great Powers).
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98. ^ 2022. We qualify the following states as great powers: China, Europe, India, Japan, Russia and the United States.
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102. ^ 2013.
103. ^ 2014.
104. ^ 2015.
105. ^
106. ^ 2015.