Politics of Egypt

The politics of Egypt have been shaped by the presidency of Abdel Fattah el-Sisi since he assumed office in 2014. Some scholars, media outlets, and human rights organizations have described Egypt's political system under el-Sisi as authoritarian, citing restrictions on political freedoms, civil liberties, and opposition activity. With the exception of the 2012 Egyptian presidential election after the Egyptian Revolution, elections in Egypt have been subject to criticism from some observers and organizations regarding electoral competitiveness and political conditions. Under el-Sisi, political freedoms and opposition activity have been the subject of criticism by human rights groups and other observers, who have reported restrictions on political participation and dissent.

Formally, Egyptian politics take place within the framework of a republicansemi-presidential system of government. The current political system was established following the 2013 Egyptian military coup d'état, and the assumption of office by PresidentAbdel Fattah el-Sisi. In the current system, the president is elected for a six-year term. Following the 2020 elections to the new Senate, the legislature became bicameral.