Discrimination based on skin color

Research has uncovered extensive evidence of discrimination based on skin color in criminal justice, business, the economy, housing, health care, the media, and politics in the United States and Europe. In addition, there has been research that evidently shows biases based on skin tone in the educational system. Students of color are facing higher education costs and inequalities in advanced programs and are targeted by their teachers or peers from other marginalized groups. In addition to this issue being documented in the United States, lighter skin tones have been considered preferable in many countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America due to internalized colorism. Although less historically significant, prejudice within groups can also be directed toward lighter-skinned individuals, often due to the perception of albinism as a disease. This is referred to as reverse colorism.