Cosmic microwave background

Trace radiation from the early universe Temperature map of the cosmic microwave background measured by the Planck spacecraft Part of a series onPhysical cosmology Big BangUniverse Age of the universe Chronology of the universe Early universe InflationBaryogenesisNucleosynthesis Backgrounds Gravitational wave (GWB) Microwave (CMB)Neutrino (CNB) Expansion and future Hubble's lawRedshift Expansion of the universe FLRW metricFriedmann equations Lambda-CDM model Future of an expanding universe Ultimate fate of the universe Components and structure Components Dark energyDark matter PhotonsBaryons Structure Shape of the universe Galaxy filamentGalaxy formation Large quasar group Large-scale structure ReionizationStructure formation Experiments Black Hole Initiative (BHI) BOOMERanG Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) Dark Energy Survey Planck space observatory Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey ("2dF") Wilkinson Microwave AnisotropyProbe (WMAP) Scientists Aaronson Alfvén Alpher Copernicus de Sitter Dicke Ehlers Einstein Ellis Friedmann Galileo Gamow Guth Hawking Hubble Huygens Kepler Lemaître Mather Newton Penrose Penzias Rubin Schmidt Smoot Suntzeff Sunyaev Tolman