Central Plains Mandarin

The Zhongyuan Mandarin (simplified Chinese: 中原官话; traditional Chinese: 中原官話; pinyin: Zhōngyuán Guānhuà), is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in the central and southern parts of Shaanxi, Henan, southwestern part of Shanxi, southern part of Gansu, far southern part of Hebei, northern Anhui, northern parts of Jiangsu, southern Xinjiang and southern Shandong.

Zhongyuan is spoken by more than 169 million people. It is the primary language of Shaanxi and Henan provinces. It is most prominent in the cities of Xi'an and Zhengzhou; in both cities, Zhongyuan is the most widely spoken language, significantly outstripping Standard Mandarin.From a linguistic perspective, Zhongyuan functions effectively as a language distinct from Standard Mandarin, as differences in pronunciation, vocabulary, and tone render the two mutually unintelligible. However, the Chinese state's official narrative often obscures this reality under the label of "dialects" (*fangyan* in Standard Chinese)—a term that politically unifies the territory but conceals the profound barriers to mutual understanding that exist among them.