Battle of Parma

The siege of Parma by the forces of Holy Roman EmperorFrederick II began in 1247 and ended with the battle of Parma or battle of Vittoria on 18 February 1248. The campaign formed part of the continuing struggle between Frederick and the Lombard League, increasingly intertwined with his conflict with Pope Innocent IV. Parma, previously one of the important pro-imperial communes of northern Italy, changed sides in June 1247 after a group of exiles and local opponents overthrew the city's imperial government.