Topic summary

Atheist state

Extracted from the Wikipedia article State atheism.

Notes

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^ - Representations of Place: Albania: "the perception that religion symbolized foreign (Italian, Greek and Turkish) predation was used to justify the communists' stance of state atheism (1967-1991)."
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^ - Protest for Religious Rights in the USSR: Characteristics and Consequences
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^ - An Open Issue of Legitimacy: The State and the Church in Poland
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^ - European Liberal Democracy and the Principle of State Religious Neutrality: "As Table 2 indicates along its horizontal dimension, according to the attributions based on these criteria, in 1980, out of 35 European territories listed, only five could be coded as secular in the sense that the 'State is secular, promoting neither religion nor irreligion' and nine were deemed Atheistic. On the other hand, 21 states or governments were found to be committed in one way or another to the support of religion and/or religious institutions."
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^ Karl Marx's Attitude toward Religion: "Marx, of course, was an atheist."
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^ - Forced Secularization in Soviet Russia: Why an Atheistic Monopoly Failed: "Atheists waged a 70-year war on religious belief in the Soviet Union. The Communist Party destroyed churches, mosques, and temples; it executed religious leaders; it flooded the schools and media with anti-religious propaganda; and it introduced a belief system called "scientific atheism," complete with atheist rituals, proselytizers, and a promise of worldly salvation."
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^ - Journal of Church and State Journal - Religious Policy in the Soviet Union
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^ 2016.
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^ . Cambridge University Press. pp. 4. ISBN .
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^: "The struggle against religion in its current, incomparably harsher phase, was inaugurated by Enver Hoxha in his speech of 6 February 1967. He declared Albania to be the "first atheist state of the world". All 2,169 religious establishments (including the 268 Catholic churches) were demolished or closed."
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^ - Phnom Penh Journal; Lord Buddha Returns, With Artists His Soldiers
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^ 38. doi:10.18778/1641-4233.22.02. hdl:11089/26655. ISSN 1641-4233. In a similar demolition exercise in Zhumadian, Henan Province, the Beitou Church was bulldozed whilst its pastor, Li Jiangong, and the pastor's spouse, Ding Cuimei, were inside on 14 April 2016, resulting in her suffocation.
^ 806. doi:10.1093/jcs/csw095. ISSN 0021-969X. JSTOR 45176944.
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^ - Chinese Communist Attitudes Towards Buddhism in Chinese History: "In the journal Hsien-tai Fo-hsueh (Modern Buddhism), September 1959, there appeared a long article entitled "Lun Tsung-chiao Hsin-yang Tzu-yu" ("A Discussion Concerning Freedom of Religious Belief"), by Ya Han-chang, which was originally published in the official Communist ideological journal Hung Ch'i (Red Flag), 1959, No. 14. Appearing as it did in Red Flag it is justifiable to conclude that the views expressed in it represented the accepted Communist attitude toward religion. In this article, Ya wrote that the basic policy of the Chinese Communist Party and the People's Republic of China is to "recognise that everyone has the freedom to believe in a religion, and also that everyone has the freedom not to believe in a religion."
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^ . The Economist. September 5, 2024. ISSN 0013-0613.{{}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ()
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^ Explaining a Religious Anomaly: A Historical Analysis of Secularization in Eastern Germany: "No religion could benefit substantially from the conditions that obtained in the GDR. Antireligious regulations and the official promotion of an exclusive, socialist-inspired atheism devastated religion. The percentage of those without any religious affiliation grew from 7.6 percent of the population in 1950 to more than 60 percent in 1986....Clearly, communist antipathy toward religion and the repression of religious organizations must have played a role in the rapid and dramatic abandonment of religion. But what contribution did atheism make to this development? In the GDR the weakening of the churches and their accommodation to communism was influential, but apparently so was the success of scientific atheism as a competitor to religion."
^ Explaining a Religious Anomaly: A Historical Analysis of Secularization in Eastern Germany: "In the late 1950s, the regime announced that scientific atheism had become official policy and any of the approximately 1.5 million party members that remained church members were compelled to renounce religion (Maser 1999)."
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^ - Church and State: Lessons from Germany? : "The effects of living in an atheist state continue to be seen in younger generations of East Germans.."
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^ ". North Korea News — Daily NK | Latest DPRK Updates 2026.
^ . UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM. July 2022.
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^ . United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2015.
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^ - American Catholics and Mexican Anticlericalism, 1933-1936
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^ 177. ISBN . At first the new revolutionary government attacked Church corruption and the wealth of the bishops and abbots who ruled the Church -- causes with which many Christians could identify. Clerical privileges were abolished ...
^ . Yale University Press. p. 343. ISBN .
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Wikipedia source