Topic summary
Anglo-Iraqi War
Iraq (Abd Al-Ilah loyalists)
Australia
New Zealand
Greece
Germany
Italy
Vichy France
Claude AuchinleckArchibald WavellEdward QuinanWilliam FraserWilliam SlimH. G. SmartOuvry RobertsJohn D'AlbiacRashid Ali al-GaylaniSalah al-SabbaghKamil ShabibFahmi SaidMahmud SalmanFawzi al-Qawuqji
Amin al-Husseini(foreign air support)
Werner Junck2 brigade groups
100+ aircraft
30,000 troops
116 Iraqi aircraft (50–60 serviceable)
21–29 German aircraft
12 Italian aircraft
At least 200 killed
28 aircraft
Most of the serviceable Iraqi aircraft
19 German aircraft
3 Italian aircraft
The Anglo-Iraqi War was a British-led Allied military campaign during the Second World War against the Kingdom of Iraq, then ruled by Rashid Ali al-Gaylani who had seized power in the 1941 Iraqi coup d'état with assistance from Germany and Italy. The campaign resulted in the downfall of Gaylani's government, the re-occupation of Iraq by the British, and the return to power of the Regent of Iraq, Prince 'Abd al-Ilah, a British ally.
Mandatory Iraq had been governed by the British since 1921. Prior to Iraq's nominal independence in 1932, Britain concluded the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930, which was opposed by Iraqi nationalists, including Rashid Ali al-Gaylani. Although Iraq was considered a neutral power under Regent Abd al-Ilah, it had a pro-British government. In April 1941, Iraqi nationalists organized the Golden Square coup, with assistance from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. The coup ousted Abd al-Ilah and installed al-Gaylani as Prime Minister. He officially established cordial relations with the Axis powers, prompting the Allies to respond. For the Allies, Iraq represented an important land bridge between British forces in Egypt and India.
Following a series of skirmishes, Allied airstrikes were launched against Iraq on 2 May. The campaign resulted in the collapse of al-Gaylani's short-lived government, and re-installed Abd al-Ilah as the Regent. This increased the influence of the Allies in the Middle Eastern theatre.