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Topic summary

Acetone

Acetone
Names IUPAC name
Acetone
Preferred IUPAC name
Propan-2-one
Systematic IUPAC name
Propan-2-one
Other names
  • Acetonum (Latin pronunciation:)
  • Dimethyl ketone
  • Dimethyl carbonyl
  • Ketone propane
  • β-Ketopropane
  • Propanone
  • Pyroacetic spirit (archaic)
  • Spirit of Saturn (archaic)
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Abbreviations Me2CO 635680 ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard100.000.602EC Number
  • 200-662-2
1466 KEGG
MeSHAcetone
RTECS number
  • AL3150000
UNII
UN number1090
  • InChI=1S/C3H6O/c1-3(2)4/h1-2H3
    Key: CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/C3H6O/c1-3(2)4/h1-2H3
    Key: CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYAF
  • CC(=O)C
Properties C3H6OMolar mass58.080 g·mol Appearance Colourless liquid OdorPungent, fruity, dry Density0.7845 g/cm (25 °C) Melting point−94.9 °C (−138.8 °F; 178.2 K) Boiling point56.08 °C (132.94 °F; 329.23 K) Critical point (T, P) 508 K (235 °C), 48 bar Miscible SolubilityMiscible in benzene, diethyl ether, methanol, chloroform, ethanollog P−0.24 Vapor pressure
  • 9.39kPa (0 °C)
  • 30.6kPa (25 °C)
  • 374kPa (100 °C)
  • 2.8MPa (200 °C)
Acidity (pKa)
  • 19.16 (H2O)
  • 26.5 (DMSO)
−33.8·10 cm/mol Thermal conductivity0.161W/(m·K) (25 °C) 1.3588 (20 °C) Viscosity0.4013 mPa·s (0 °C)
0.3311mPa·s at 20 °C
0.306mPa·s (25 °C)
0.2562mPa·s at 50 °C Structure Trigonal planar at C2 Dihedral at C2 2.88 D Thermochemistry 126.3J/(mol·K) (liquid)
75J/(mol·K) (gas)
96J/(mol·K) (solid) 199.8J/(mol·K) (liquid)
295.35J/(mol·K) (gas) −248.4kJ/mol (liquid)
−218.5 kJ/mol (gas) −1.79MJ/mol +5.7kJ/mol +30.3kJ/mol Hazards Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Highly flammable GHS labelling: DangerH225, H302, H319, H336, H373P210, P235, P260, P305+P351+P338NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
1
3
0
Flash point−20 °C (−4 °F; 253 K) 465 °C (869 °F; 738 K) Explosive limits2.5–12.8% 250 ppm (STEL), 500 ppm (C) Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
  • 5800mg/kg (rat, oral)
  • 3000mg/kg (mouse, oral)
  • 5340mg/kg (rabbit, oral)
20,702ppm (rat, 8 h) 45,455ppm (mouse, 1 h) NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
1000ppm (2400mg/m)
REL (Recommended)
TWA 250ppm (590mg/m)
IDLH (Immediate danger)
2500ppm Related compounds
Related compounds
Supplementary data page Acetone (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Acetone (2-propanone or dimethyl ketone) is an organic compound with the formula(CH3)2CO. It is the simplest and smallest ketone (R−C(=O)−R'). It is a colorless, highly volatile, and flammable liquid with a characteristic pungent odor.

Acetone is miscible with water and serves as an important organic solvent in industry, home, and laboratory settings. About 6.7 million tonnes were produced worldwide in 2010, mainly for use as a solvent and for production of methyl methacrylate and bisphenol A, which are precursors to widely used plastics. It is a common building block in organic chemistry. It serves as a solvent in household products such as nail polish remover and paint thinner. It has volatile organic compound (VOC)-exempt status in the United States.

Acetone is produced and disposed of in the human body through normal metabolic processes. Small quantities of it are present naturally in blood and urine. People with diabetic ketoacidosis produce it in larger amounts. Medical ketogenic diets that increase ketone bodies (acetone, β-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid) in the blood are used to suppress epileptic attacks in children with treatment-resistant epilepsy.

Wikipedia source