Partial pressureIn a mixture of gases, each constituent gas has a partial pressure which is the notional pressure of that constituent gas as if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature. The total pressure of an ideal gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture (Dalton's Law). Partial pressure can be highlighted with a thought experiment using semipermeable pistons, as underlined by Boltzmann, Gibbs and Planck.
Vapor pressureVapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (solid or liquid) at a given temperature in a closed system. The equilibrium vapor pressure is an indication of a liquid's thermodynamic tendency to evaporate. It relates to the balance of particles escaping from the liquid (or solid) in equilibrium with those in a coexisting vapor phase.
Water vaporVapor, water vapour, or aqueous vapor is the gaseous phase of water. It is one state of water within the hydrosphere. Water vapor can be produced from the evaporation or boiling of liquid water or from the sublimation of ice. Water vapor is transparent, like most constituents of the atmosphere. Under typical atmospheric conditions, water vapor is continuously generated by evaporation and removed by condensation.
LiquidState of matter The formation of a spherical droplet of liquid water minimizes the surface area, which is the natural result of surface tension in liquids. Liquid is a state of matter with a definite volume but no fixed shape. When confined in a container and subject to a force such as gravity, liquids will adapt to the internal shape of the container in the direction of the force. Liquids are nearly incompressible, maintaining their volume even under pressure.
CondensationCondensation is the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization. The word most often refers to the water cycle. It can also be defined as the change in the state of water vapor to liquid water when in contact with a liquid or solid surface or cloud condensation nuclei within the atmosphere. When the transition happens from the gaseous phase into the solid phase directly, the change is called deposition.
Critical point (thermodynamics)In thermodynamics, a critical point (or critical state) is the end point of a phase equilibrium curve. One example is the liquid–vapor critical point, the end point of the pressure–temperature curve that designates conditions under which a liquid and its vapor can coexist. At higher temperatures, the gas comes into a supercritical phase, and so cannot be liquefied by pressure alone.
TemperaturePhysical quantity of hot and coldIn classical thermodynamics and kinetic theory, temperature reflects the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system, providing a quantitative measure of how energy is distributed among microscopic degrees of freedom. Temperature is measured with a thermometer. Thermometers are calibrated in various temperature scales that historically have relied on various reference points and thermometric substances for definition.
GasGas is a state of matter with neither fixed volume nor fixed shape. It is a compressible form of fluid, in contrast to a liquid. A pure gas consists of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), or molecules (e.g. oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide). Pure gases can also be mixed together such as in the air. What distinguishes gases from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles.
PressureForce distributed over an area PressurePressure exerted by particle collisions inside a closed container.
AerosolAn aerosol is a suspension of fine solidparticles or liquiddroplets in air or another gas. Aerosols can be generated from natural or human causes. The scientific term aerosol refers to the system consisting of particles in gas, and not to the particulate matter alone.
American EnglishAmerican English, sometimes called United States English or U.S. English, is the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States. English is the most widely spoken language in the U.S., as well as the common language used in government, education, and commerce in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and in all U.S. territories except Puerto Rico. Since the late 20th century, American English has become the most influential form of English worldwide.
American and British English spelling differencesBritish and American spellings around the world: British analyse/crystallise (crystallize in Oxford spelling)/centre/defence/labour/programme (except for computer program) dominant; English is an official or majority language American analyze/crystallize (less commonly crystalize)/center (except for some place names, e.g. Centre County)/defense/labor (except for some names, e.g. Living Colour)/program dominant; English is an official or majority language Canadian analyze/crystallize/centre/defence/labour/program dominant; English is one of two official languages along with French Australian analyse/crystallise/centre/defence/labour (except for Labor Party)/program dominant; English is an official or majority language English is not an official or majority language; British spelling is dominant English is not an official or majority language; American spelling is dominant English is not an official or majority language; inconsistent use of American and British spellingDespite the various English dialects spoken from country to country and within different regions of the same country, there are only slight regional variations in English orthography, the two most notable variations being British and American spelling.
Atmosphere of EarthGas layer surrounding EarthEarth's atmosphere from space, showing a blue layer in the stratosphere above the clouds of the troposphere. The Moon is visible as a crescent in the background.The atmosphere of Earth consists of a multi-layered gasmixture (commonly referred to as air) surrounding the Earth's planetary surface, which is retained by gravity.
vaporRelated word or term.vapourRelated word or term.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.