Turkish language reformPersonalTimelineMilitary careerDeath and state funeralMausoleum1st President of TurkeyReformsAbolition of the sultanateAbolition of the caliphateİzmir plotSecularismEducational reformTurkish language reformWesternizationIndustrializationNation-buildingTurkificationCitizen, speak Turkish!Sun Language TheoryTurkish History ThesisSurname LawState Art and Sculpture MuseumKemalism"Peace at Home, Peace in the World"Republican People's PartyLa Turquie KemalisteHistoriographyNutukLegacyAwards and honoursCult of personalityAtatürk CentennialAtatürk International Peace PrizeThe Turkish language reform (Turkish: Dil Devrimi), initiated on 12 July 1932, aimed to purge the Turkish language of Arabic and Persian-derived words and grammatical rules, transforming the language into a more vernacular form suitable for the Republic of Turkey.
Turkish languageTurkic languageTurkish (Türkçe, Türk dili, also known as Türkiye Türkçesi 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 90 million speakers. It is the national language of Turkey and one of two official languages of Cyprus. Significant smaller groups of Turkish speakers also exist in Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Greece, other parts of Europe, the South Caucasus, and some parts of Central Asia, Iraq, and Syria.
Turkish Language AssociationThe Turkish Language Association (Turkish: Türk Dil Kurumu, TDK) is the regulatory body for the Turkish language, founded on 12 July 1932 by the initiative of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and headquartered in Ankara, Turkey.
Persian languageWestern Iranian languageThis article contains Persian text. Without proper , you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.Persian, also known as Farsi, is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.
French languageFrench (français or langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. Like all other Romance languages, French and its closest relatives—the langues d'oïl, historically spoken in northern France and southern Belgium—descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire. It was influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul and by the GermanicFrankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders.
Greek languageIndo-European languageGreek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, romanized: elliniká; Ancient Greek: ἑλληνική, romanized: hellēnikḗ) is an Indo-European language, constituting an independent Hellenic branch within the Indo-European language family.
Ottoman TurkishStandardized register of Turkish in the Ottoman Empire Ottoman TurkishTurkiلسان عثمانی Lisân-ı Osmânîتركی Türkî / تركجه TürkçeOttoman Turkish written in Nastaliq style(لسان عثمانی)RegionOttoman EmpireEthnicityOttoman TurksErac.
Italian languageRomance languageItalian (italiano, pronounced, or lingua italiana, pronounced) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family. It is a standardised form of literary Florentine Tuscan and, together with Sardinian, is the least differentiated language from Latin. Current estimates indicate that between 68 and 85 million people speak Italian, including approximately 64 million native speakers as of 2024.TurkificationTurkification, Turkization, or Turkicization (Turkish: Türkleştirme) describes a shift whereby populations or places receive or adopt Turkic attributes such as culture, language, history, or ethnicity. However, often this term is more narrowly applied to mean specifically Turkish rather than merely Turkic, meaning that it refers more frequently to the Ottoman Empire's policies or the Turkish nationalist policies of the Republic of Turkey toward ethnic minorities in Turkey.
Mustafa Kemal AtatürkMustafa Kemal Atatürk (c. 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal and statesman who was the founder of the Republic of Turkey and served as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938. He led sweeping reforms, turning Turkey into an industrialising nation. Ideologically a republican, secularist, and nationalist, his policies and socio-political theories became known as Kemalism.
ArabicCentral Semitic languageArabic is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic.Languages of EuropeA color-coded map of most languages used throughout EuropeThere are over 250 languages indigenous to Europe, and most belong to the Indo-European language family. Out of a total European population of 744 million as of 2018, some 94% are native speakers of an Indo-European language.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.