Mu'awiya IFounder of the Umayyad CaliphateMu'awiya I (c. 597, 603 or 605 – April 680) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from 661 until his death in 680. He became caliph less than thirty years after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and immediately after the four Rashidun ('rightly-guided') caliphs. Unlike his predecessors, who had been close, early companions of Muhammad, Mu'awiya was a relatively late follower of Muhammad.
Husayn ibn AliGrandson of Muhammad and the 3rd ImamHusayn ibn Ali (Arabic: حسين ابن علي, romanized: Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī; 11 January 626 – 10 October 680 CE) was an Alid political and religious leader. The second son of Ali and Fatima and a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as a younger brother of Hasan ibn Ali, Husayn is regarded as the third Imam in Shia Islam after his brother, Hasan, and before his son, Ali al-Sajjad.
Siege of Constantinople (674–678)BelligerentsUmayyad CaliphateByzantine EmpireCommanders and leadersMu'awiya IYazid ibn Mu'awiyaSufyan ibn Awf†Fadala ibn UbaydJunada ibn Abi UmayyaAbdallah ibn QaisAbu Ayyub al-Ansari#Constantine IVCasualties and lossesc. 25,000 killedc. 17,000 killedConstantinople was besieged by the Arabs in 674–678, in what was the first culmination of the Umayyad Caliphate's expansionist strategy against the Byzantine Empire.
Umayyad CaliphateSecond Islamic caliphate (661–750)
Second FitnaThe Second Fitna was the second civil war in the Islamic community during the early Umayyad Caliphate. It followed the death of the first Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya I in 680 and lasted for about twelve years.
Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Eastern part of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, it endured until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. The term 'Byzantine Empire' was coined only after its demise; its citizens used the term 'Roman Empire' and called themselves 'Romans'.
MuhammadFounder of Islam (c. 570–632)LifeMeccaHijrahFirst Islamic stateAfter Conquest of MeccaFarewell Pilgrimage (Farewell Sermon)HadithMilestones and recordsCareerMilitaryDiplomaticMiraclesQuran (First revelation)Isra and Mi'rajSplitting of the MoonViews and PerspectivesViews JewsChristiansPerspectives IslamBibleJudaismMedieval ChristianHistoricityCriticismSuccessionSaqifahGhadir KhummCompanions of MuhammadHadith of the pen and paperAhl al-BaytPraiseSalawatNaatMawlidRelatedMohammedanMahoundAl-Masjid an-NabawiPossessionsRelicsSealHistory of IslamMuhammad (c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, military, and political leader, and the founder of Islam.
HejazThe Hejaz or Hijaz is a historical region of the Arabian Peninsula that includes the majority of the western region of Saudi Arabia, covering the cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Tabuk, Yanbu, Taif and Al-Bahah. It is thus known as the "Western Province", and it is bordered in the west by the Red Sea, in the north by Jordan and the Gulf of Aqaba, in the east by the Najd, and in the south by South Arabia.
ConstantinopleConstantinople, was the capital of the Roman and Byzantine Empire from 330 until its takeover by the Ottoman Empire in 1453. After this, it was changed to Istanbul.
CaliphateIslamic form of governmentA caliphate is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (), a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim world (ummah). Historically, the caliphates were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires.
Common EraEra names equivalent to AD/BC Today(at UTC+00)Monday, 14 September 2026Common Era14 September 2026 CE Other calendars Akan Fodwo Armenian 26 Hoṙi 1476 Aztec Tititl 7, 1 Cuāuhtli Babylonian 1 Ululu, 2337 SE Balinese pawukon Menga, Pasah, Sri, Wage, Tungleh, Coma of Parangbakat, Sri, Urungan, Dewa Bengali 30 Bhadro, BS 1433 Chinese Yin Metal Rabbit・Exntended Net Mansion4 Bāyuè, Bǐngwǔnián(Bailu, 9 days until Qiufen) Common Era 14 September 2026 CE Coptic 4 Thout, AM 1743 Egyptian 1 Mechir, 2775 NE Ethiopian 4 Maskaram, 2019 Amätä Məhrät French Republican Décade III, Octidi de Fructidor de l'Année 234 de la République Gregorian 14 September, AD 2026 Hebrew 3 Tishrei, AM 5787 Hindu Citrā・BrahmanSolar: 29 Bhādrapada, 1948 SELunisolar: Tr̥tīyā, Śukla pakṣa of Bhādrapada, 2083 VERāudra・5127 KY・1,872,832 Icelandic Mánudagur, 21 Tvímánuður 2026 Islamic 1 Rabi' al-thani, AH 1448 (using tabular method) ISO week date 2026-W38-1 Japanese 4 Hazuki, Reiwa 8(Hakuro, 9 days until Shūbun) Julian 1 September, AD 2026 (AM 7534) Julian day 2461298 Maya 13.0.13.16.158 Chen, 1 Men Roman Kalendis Septembribus, MMDCCLXXIX AUC Solar Hijri 23 Shahrivar, SH 1405 Tibetan 3 khrums, me pho rta2153 or 1772 or 1000 [refresh] Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are conventions used in the Gregorian or Julian calendar to specify whether the year is before or after the epoch.
Hijri eraEra in the Islamic calendar Today(at UTC+00)Saturday, 26 September 2026Islamic13 Rabi' al-thani, AH 1448(using tabular method)Solar Hijri4 Mehr, SH 1405Other calendarsAkanFomemeneArmenian8 Sahmi 1476AztecTititl 19, 13 MazātlBabylonian13 Ululu, 2337 SEBalinese pawukonMenga, Pasah, Sri, Umanis, Tungleh, Saniscara of Bala, Ludra, Dangu, SriBengali11 Ashshin, BS 1433ChineseYin Water Rabbit・Girl MansionFire Horse Year, Month 8, Day 16(Qiufen, 12 days until Hanlu)Common Era26 September 2026 CECoptic16 Thout, AM 1743Egyptian13 Mechir, 2775 NEEthiopian16 Maskaram, 2019 Amätä MəhrätFrench RepublicanDécade I, Quartidi de Vendémiaire de l'Année 235 de la RépubliqueGregorian26 September, AD 2026Hebrew15 Tishrei, AM 5787HinduPūrvabhādrapada・GaṇḍaSolar: 10 Āśvina, 1948 SELunisolar: Pūrṇimā, Śukla pakṣa of Bhādrapada, 2083 VERāudra・5127 KY・1,872,844IcelandicLaugardagur, 3 Haustmánuður 2026ISO week date2026-W39-6Japanese16 Hazuki, Reiwa 8(Shūbun, 12 days until Kanro)Julian13 September, AD 2026 (AM 7534)Julian day2461310Korean16 Dakdal, 4359 DEMaya13.0.13.17.70 Yax, 13 ManikRomanIdibus Septembribus, MMDCCLXXIX AUCTibetan15 khrums, me pho rta2153 or 1772 or 1000[refresh] The Hijri era (Arabic: التقويم الهجري, romanized: at-taqwīm al-hijrī) is the calendar era used to record dates in the Islamic world.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.