Field signA field sign is an unofficial differentiating mark worn on a combatant's clothing to show the difference between friend and foe or a combatant and a civilian. ExamplesA tabard in the livery colors of a lord and bearing his coat of arms was a common field sign.A sash of colored cloth worn on the waist or over the shoulder.Naval ensignMaritime flag used by naval ships to denote their nationalityThe British White Ensign flown from the stern of HMS Albion (L14)A naval ensign is an ensign (maritime flag) used by naval ships of various countries to denote their nationality. It can be the same or different from a country's civil ensign or state ensign. Naval ensign of TurkeyIt can also be known as a war ensign.Aquila (Roman)Roman military standard Roman ornament with an aquila (100–200 AD) from the Cleveland Museum of Art A modern reconstruction of an aquila An aquila (Classical Latin: [ˈakᶣɪla]; lit. 'eagle') was a prominent symbol used in ancient Rome, especially as the standard of a Roman legion. A legionary known as an aquilifer, the "eagle-bearer", carried this standard. Each legion carried one eagle.
VexilloidA vexilloid is any flag-like (vexillary) object used by countries, organisations, or individuals as a form of representation other than flags. American vexillologist Whitney Smith coined the term vexilloid in 1958, defining it as An object which functions as a flag but differs from it in some respect, usually appearance. Vexilloids are characteristic of traditional societies and often consist of a staff with an emblem, such as a carved animal, at the top.
State flagIn vexillology, a state flag is either the flag of the government of a sovereign state (and can also be referred as a government flag and likely interchangeable with a national flag in certain scenarios), or the flag of an individual federated state (subnational administrative division).
VexillumThe vexillum (; pl.: vexilla) was a flag-like object used as a military standard by units in the Roman army. A common vexillum displayed imagery of the Roman aquila on a reddish backdrop.
DraconariusThe draconarius was a type of signifer who bore a cavalry standard known as a draco in the Roman army.
SarmatiansThe Sarmatians (; Ancient Greek: Σαρμάται, romanized: Sarmátai; Latin: Sarmatae [ˈsarmatae̯]) were a large confederation of ancient Iranian equestrian nomadic peoples who dominated the Pontic steppe from around the 5th century BC to the 4th century AD. The earliest known reference to the Sarmatians comes from the Avesta, where they are mentioned as Sairima-, which in later Iranian sources became Sarm and Salm.
National flagA national flag is a flag that represents and symbolizes a given nation. It is flown by the government of that nation, but can also be flown by its citizens. A national flag is typically designed with specific meanings for its colors and symbols, which may also be used separately from the flag as a symbol of the nation. The design of a national flag is sometimes altered after the occurrence of important historical events.Bronze AgeHistorical period (c. 3300–1200 BCE)Diffusion of metallurgy in Europe and Asia Minor—the darkest areas are the oldest.LocationAsiaNear EastEuropeNorth AfricaKey eventsExtensive bronze metallurgyLate Bronze Age collapseDevelopment of writingDevelopment of the chariotOne of the Alaca Höyük bronze standards from a pre-Hittite tomb dating to the 3rd millennium BC, from the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in AnkaraThe Bronze Age is an archaeological and anthropological term defining a phase in the development of material culture among ancient societies in Asia, the Near East and Europe.Henry VI, Part 31591 play by ShakespeareFirst page of The third Part of Henry the Sixt, with the death of the Duke of Yorke from the First Folio (1623)Henry VI, Part 3 (often written as 3 Henry VI) is a history play by William Shakespeare believed to have been written in 1591 and set during the lifetime of King Henry VI of England.
Ancient warfareAncient warfare is war that was conducted from the beginning of recorded history to the end of the ancient period. The difference between prehistoric and ancient warfare is more organization oriented than technology oriented. The development of first city-states, and then empires, allowed warfare to change dramatically. Beginning in Mesopotamia, states produced sufficient agricultural surplus. This allowed full-time ruling elites and military commanders to emerge.
Frankish languageWest Germanic language spoken by the Franks from the 5th to 10th centuries FrankishOld Franconian*FrankiskNative toFranciaRegionWestern EuropeErac.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.