Convergence insufficiencyConvergence insufficiency is a sensory and neuromuscular anomaly of the binocular vision system, characterized by a reduced ability of the eyes to turn towards each other, or sustain convergence. Symptoms and signsThe symptoms and signs associated with convergence insufficiency are related to prolonged, visually demanding, near-centered tasks.
OrthopticsOrthoptics is a profession allied to the eye care profession. Orthoptists are the experts in diagnosing and treating defects in eye movements and problems with how the eyes work together, called binocular vision. These can be caused by issues with the muscles around the eyes or defects in the nerves enabling the brain to communicate with the eyes.
StrabismusStrabismus is an eye disorder in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object. The eye that is pointed at an object can alternate. The condition may be present occasionally or constantly. If present during a large part of childhood, it may result in amblyopia ("lazy eyes") and loss of depth perception. If onset is during adulthood, it is more likely to result in double vision.Optometric Extension ProgramThe Optometric Extension Program Foundation (OEPF) is an international, non-profit organization dedicated to the advancement of the discipline of optometry, with recent emphasis on behavioral optometry and vision therapy. The OEPF produces the monthly Optometry & Visual Performance (OVP) journal, and previously published the Journal of Behavioral Optometry. OEPF also reprints writings and lectures relating to vision.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorderNeurodevelopmental disorderMedical conditionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and developmentally inappropriate. ADHD symptoms arise from executive dysfunction.
DyslexiaDyslexia, also known as word blindness, is a learning disability that affects either reading, writing, or speaking. Different people are affected to different degrees. Problems may include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, "sounding out" words in the head, pronouncing words when reading aloud and understanding what one reads. Often these difficulties are first noticed at school.
Alternative medicineUnscientific healthcare practicesAlternative medicine comprises practices that aim to achieve the healing effects of medicine, but that lack biological plausibility, testability, repeatability, or supporting evidence of effectiveness. Such practices are not part of mainstream evidence-based medicine.
PseudoscienceUnscientific claims presented as scientificA typical 19th-century phrenology chart: during the 1820s, phrenologists claimed the mind was located in areas of the brain, and were attacked for doubting that mind came from the nonmaterial soul. Their idea of reading "bumps" in the skull to predict personality traits was later discredited.
American Academy of PediatricsThe American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is the largest professional association of pediatricians in the United States. It is headquartered in Itasca, Illinois, and maintains an office in Washington, D.C. The AAP has published hundreds of policy statements, ranging from advocacy issues to practice recommendations. BackgroundThe Academy was founded in 1930 by 35 pediatricians to address pediatric healthcare standards.American Academy of OphthalmologyThe American Academy of Ophthalmology is a professional medical association of ophthalmologists. It is headquartered in San Francisco, California. Its membership of 32,000 medical doctors includes more than 90 percent of practicing ophthalmologists in the United States as well as over 7,000 members abroad.
OptometryOptometry (from Ancient Greek ὄψις (ópsis), meaning "eye", and μέτρον (métron), meaning "measure") is the healthcare practice concerned with examining the eyes for visual defects, prescribing corrective lenses, and detecting eye abnormalities. In the United States and Canada, optometrists hold a post-baccalaureate four-year Doctor of Optometry degree.
OphthalmologyOphthalmology (, ) is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and surgery of eye diseases and disorders. Ophthalmologists also diagnose systemic (other parts of the body) diseases using changes seen in the eyes. An ophthalmologist is a physician with an MD or DO degree who undergoes specialty training in medical and surgical eye care.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.