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Variant Chinese characters

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Chinese characters may have several variant forms—visually distinct glyphs that represent the same underlying meaning and pronunciation. Variants of a given character are allographs of one another, and many are directly analogous to allographs present in the English alphabet, such as the double-storey ⟨a⟩ and single-storey ⟨ɑ⟩ variants of the letter A, with the latter more commonly appearing in handwriting. Some contexts require usage of specific variants.

Chinese character componentsIn written Chinese, components (Chinese: 部件; pinyin: bùjiàn) are building blocks of characters, composed of strokes. In most cases, a component consists of more than one stroke and is smaller than the whole of the character. For example, the character 件 consists of two components: 亻 and 牛. These can be further decomposed: 亻 can be analyzed as the sequence of strokes ㇓㇑, and 牛 as the sequence ㇓㇐㇐㇑.Chinese charactersChinese charactersChinese characters are logographs used to write the Chinese languages and others from regions historically influenced by Chinese culture, including Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Of the four independently invented writing systems accepted by scholars (cuneiform, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Chinese characters, and Maya script), they represent the only one that has remained in continuous use.AllographAllographDistinct shapes of a written symbol ⟨g⟩ rendered with or without a looptail are allographs of each other In graphemics and typography, the term allograph is used of a glyph that is a design variant of a letter or other grapheme, such as a letter, a number, an ideograph, a punctuation mark or other typographic symbol.Small seal scriptSmall seal scriptThe small seal script is an archaic script style of written Chinese. It developed within the state of Qin during the Eastern Zhou dynasty (771–256 BC), and was then promulgated across China in order to replace script varieties used in other ancient Chinese states following Qin's wars of unification and establishment of the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) under Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China.Simplified Chinese charactersSimplified Chinese charactersStandardized set of Chinese characters This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article needs more citations. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.Woodblock printingWoodblock printingWoodblock printing or block printing is a technique for printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia and originating in China in antiquity as a method of printing on textiles and later on paper. Each page or image is created by carving a wooden block to leave only some areas and lines at the original level; it is these that are inked and show in the print, in a relief printing process.Li SiLi SiLi Si (; c. 280 – 208 BC) was a Chinese calligrapher, philosopher, and official of the Qin dynasty. He served as Qin stateChancellor from 246 to 208 BC, first under King Zheng — who later became Qin Shi Huang, the "First Emperor" of the Qin dynasty. He then served under Qin Er Shi, Qin Shi Huang's eighteenth son and second emperor.Qin dynastyQin dynastyThe Qin dynasty ( CHIN) was the first imperial dynasty of China. It is named for its progenitor state of Qin, a fief of the confederal Zhou dynasty (c. 1046–256 BC). Beginning in 230 BC, the Qin under King Ying Zheng engaged in a series of wars conquering each of the rival states that had previously pledged fealty to the Zhou. This culminated in 221 BC with the successful unification of China.Kangxi DictionaryKangxi DictionaryThe Kangxi Dictionary (Chinese: 康熙字典; pinyin: Kāngxī zìdiǎn) is a Chinese dictionary published in 1716 during the High Qing, considered from the time of its publishing until the early 20th century to be the most authoritative reference for written Chinese characters.Qin's wars of unificationQin's wars of unificationQin campaigns to conquer all of China (230–221 BC) Qin's wars of unificationPart of the Warring States periodDate of conquest of the six statesDate230–221 BCLocationChinaResult Qin victoryTerritorialchanges Unification of China under the Qin dynastyBelligerents Qin HanZhao DaiYanWeiChuQiCommanders and leaders Ying Zheng Wang Jian Li Xin Meng Wu Meng Tian Wang Ben Huan Yi † Qiang Lei Yang Duanhe [zh; ja] Neishi Teng [zh] Han An Zhao Qian Hu Zhe † Li Mu Sima Shang [zh] Zhao Cong † Yan Ju Zhao Jia (POW)Wei Jia Ji Xi (POW) Crown Prince Dan Fuchu (POW) Xiang Yan † Lord Changping †Tian Jian Strength 1,200,000[citation needed] 1,500,000[citation needed] Qin's wars of unification (c. 230 - 221 BC) were a series of military campaigns launched in the late 3rd century BC by the state of Qin against the other six states remaining in China – Han, Zhao, Yan, Wei, Chu and Qi.HandwritingHandwritingHandwriting is the personal and unique style of writing with a writing instrument, such as a pen or pencil in the hand. Handwriting includes both block and cursive styles and is separate from generic and formal handwriting script/style, calligraphy or typeface. Because each person's handwriting is unique and different, it can be used to verify a document's writer. The deterioration of a person's handwriting is also a symptom or result of several different diseases.English alphabetEnglish alphabetModern English is written with a Latin-script alphabet consisting of 26 letters, with each having both uppercase and lowercase forms. The word alphabet is a compound of alpha and beta, the names of the first two letters in the Greek alphabet. The earliest Old English writing during the 5th century used a runic alphabet known as the futhorc.GlyphGlyphPurposeful written mark Various glyphs representing lower case letter ⟨a⟩ in various typefaces and as single- and double-storey; they are allographs of the same grapheme A glyph (/ɡlɪf/ GLIF) is any kind of purposeful mark. In typography, a glyph is "the specific shape, design, or representation of a character". It is a particular graphical representation, in a particular typeface (or computer font), of an element of written language.

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