NastaliqNastaliq is one of the main calligraphic hands used to write the Persian and sometimes Arabic scripts, and is used for several significant Indo-Iranian languages, predominantly Persian, Urdu, Pashto, Balochi, Punjabi (in Pakistan), Kashmiri and Saraiki. It is also often used for Ottoman Turkish, but rarely for Arabic (particularly in Iraq) and Arwi.
Arabic scriptThe Arabic script is the writing system used for Arabic (Arabic alphabet) and several other languages of Asia and Africa. It is the second-most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world (after the Latin script), the second-most widely used writing system in the world by number of countries using it, and the third-most by number of users (after the Latin and Chinese scripts).
AlphabetAn alphabet is a writing system that uses a standard set of symbols, called letters, to more or less represent particular sounds in a spoken language. Specifically, letters largely correspond to phonemes as the smallest sound segments that can distinguish one word from another in a given language.
ArabicCentral Semitic languageArabic is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic.
Persian alphabetWriting system of the Perso-Arabic script (خط فارسی-عربی) or "khat farsi-arbi"
UrduUrdu (اُرْدُو, urdū, [ˈʊɾduː] ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken primarily in South Asia. It is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. It is also an official Eighth Schedule language in India, the status and cultural heritage of which are recognised by the Constitution of India — alongside having official status in several Indian states (Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and both Telugu states). Urdu and Hindi are closely related.Roman UrduRoman Urdu refers to the romanised use of Urdu, where the Urdu language is written using the English alphabet. It is mostly used for informal communication on the internet, social media, and text messaging. According to the Urdu scholar Habib R. Sulemani in 2004: "Roman Urdu is strongly opposed by the traditional Arabic script lovers.
Writing systemA writing system is any conventional system for representing a particular language using a set of symbols (called a script), as well as the rules those symbols encode. The earliest of conventional writing systems appeared during the late 4th millennium BC.
PakistanYou may need to display the Urdu text in this article correctly.Official scripts of IndiaThere are several official scripts of India, which are either used officially by the Union government or by the state governments. The official languages of the Indian Union are Hindi and English, whereas the Devanagari script is used to write Hindi and the Latin script is used for English. Alongside, the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India lists languages that are officially recognised by the Indian government.
CalligraphyWriting as a visual artVarious examples of calligraphy in different languages and writing systems throughout historyCalligraphy (from Ancient Greek καλλιγραφία (kalligraphía) 'beautiful writing') is fine handwriting as a visual art. It involves the design and execution of lettering or characters using a pen, ink brush, or other writing instruments.
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