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Ukrainian Shield

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In geology, the Ukrainian Shield (Ukrainian: Український щит, romanized: Ukrayinsʹkyy shchyt) or the Ukrainian Crystalline Massif (Ukrainian: Український кристалічний масив, romanized: Ukrayinsʹkyy krystalichnyy masyv) is the southwest shield of the East European craton. It has an area of about 200,000 km (77,000 sq mi) and is approximately 1,000 km (620 mi) long and up to 250 km (160 mi) wide.

East European CratonEast European CratonThe East European Craton (EEC) is the core of the Baltica proto-plate and consists of three crustal regions/segments: Fennoscandia to the northwest, Volgo-Uralia to the east, and Sarmatia to the south. Fennoscandia includes the Baltic Shield (also referred to as the Fennoscandian Shield) and has a diversified accretionaryArchaean and early Proterozoiccrust, while Sarmatia has an older Archaean crust.PryazoviaPryazoviaPryazovia (Ukrainian: Приазов'я, sometimes spelledПриозів'я, Pryozivia; Russian: Приазовье, romanized: Priazovye) or literally Cis-Azov region is usually used to refer to the geographic area of the north coast of the Sea of Azov, mostly located in south-eastern Ukraine, with a small part in Russia.Azov UplandAzov UplandThe Azov Upland is a plateau located in Russian-occupied parts of Donetsk and Zaporizhia oblasts of Ukraine. It is part of the larger Ukrainian Crystalline Shield, also known as the Azov Crystalline Massif. It borders the Dnieper Lowland to the north, the Donets Ridge to the northeast, the Black Sea Lowland to the southwest, and the to the south. The Azov Upland contains several mounds, known locally as mohyly, which are comparable to the Russian kurgan.Ukrainian languageUkrainian languageEast Slavic languageUkrainian (українська мова, ukrainska mova, IPA:) is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Ukraine. It is the first (native) language of a large majority of Ukrainians. Written Ukrainian uses the Ukrainian alphabet, a variant of the Cyrillic script. The standard language is studied by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and Potebnia Institute of Linguistics.Romanization of UkrainianThe romanization of Ukrainian is the representation of the Ukrainian language in the Latin alphabet. Ukrainian is written in its own alphabet, which is based on the Cyrillic script. Romanization may be employed to represent Ukrainian text or pronunciation for non-Ukrainian readers, on computer systems that cannot reproduce Cyrillic characters, or for typists who are not familiar with the Ukrainian keyboard layout.Shield (geology)Shield (geology)A shield is a large area of exposed Precambrian crystalline igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks that form tectonically stable areas. These rocks are older than 570 million years and sometimes date back to around 2 to 3.5 billion years.Geologic provinceGeologic provinceA geologic province or geological province is a spatial entity with common geologic attributes. A province may include a single dominant structural element such as a basin or a fold belt, or a number of contiguous related elements. Adjoining provinces may be similar in structure but be considered separate due to differing histories.Southern BugSouthern BugThe Southern Bug, also called Southern Buh (Ukrainian: Південний Буг, romanized: Pivdennyi Buh; Russian: Южный Буг, romanized: Yuzhny Bug; Crimean Tatar: Aq Suv; Romanian: Bugul de Sud or just Bug), and sometimes Boh River (Ukrainian: Бог; Polish: Boh), is a navigable river located in Ukraine. It is the longest river flowing exclusively in Ukraine, second only to the Ukrainian part of the Dnieper.PegmatitePegmatiteA pegmatite is an igneous rock showing a very coarse texture, with large interlocking crystals usually greater in size than 1 cm (0.4 in) and sometimes greater than 1 meter (3 ft). Most pegmatites are composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica, having a similar silicic composition to granite. However, rarer intermediate composition and mafic pegmatites are known. Many of the world's largest crystals are found within pegmatites.Dnieper UplandDnieper UplandThe Dnieper Upland or Cisdnieper Upland (Ukrainian: Придніпровська височина, romanized: Prydniprovska vysochyna) is a southeastern European plain occupying the territory between the Dnieper and the Southern Bug. It lies in central Ukraine, occupying the oblasts of Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Vinnytsia, Cherkasy, Kirovohrad and Dnipropetrovsk. To its north lies Polesian Lowland, to the south lies Black Sea Lowland, eastern border is served by the Dnieper.Hirskyi TikychHirskyi TikychThe Hirskyi Tikych (Ukrainian: Гірський Тікич) is a river in Ukraine, 167 km in length, a tributary of the Tikych, in the basin of Southern Bug. The Hirskyi Tikych river finds its source near the village of Frontivka in Orativ Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast. It joins the 157 km long Hnylyi Tikych to form the Tikych, which soon joins the Velyka Vys river to form the Syniukha river, which flows 110 km to join the Southern Bug.InhuletsInhuletsThe Inhulets (Ukrainian: Інгулець) or Ingulets (Russian: Ингулец) is a river, a right tributary of the Dnieper, that flows through Ukraine. It has a length of 557 kilometres (346 mi) and a drainage basin of 14,460 square kilometres (5,580 sq mi).VolhyniaVolhyniaVolhynia or Volynia ( ; see #Names and etymology) is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe, between southeastern Poland, southwestern Belarus, and northwestern Ukraine. The borders of the region are not clearly defined, but in Ukraine it is roughly equivalent to Volyn Oblast, Rivne Oblast, western part of Zhytomyr Oblast and the northern parts of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast and Ternopil Oblast. The territory that still carries the name is Volyn Oblast.

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