NigerCountry in West AfricaNiger, officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa. It is a unitary state bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria to the south, Benin and Burkina Faso to the southwest, Mali to the west and Algeria to the northwest. It covers a land area of almost 1.27 million km (490,000 mi), making it the sixth-largest country in Africa and the second-largest landlocked nation in Africa behind Chad.
BerbersEthnic group indigenous to North AfricaEthnic groupBerbers, also known as Amazighs or Imazighen, are an ethnic group indigenous to North Africa. They are primarily connected by their use of Berber languages, which are part of the Afroasiatic language family.
SaharaThe Sahara (, ) is a desert spanning North Africa. With an area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi), it is the largest hot desert in the world and the third-largest desert overall, smaller only than the deserts of Antarctica and the northern Arctic. The desert covers much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and the Sudan.
AlgeriaCountry in North AfricaFlagEmblemMotto: بِالشَّعْبِ و لِلشَّعْبِBi-sh-shaʿb wa li-sh-shaʿb"By the people and for the people"Anthem: قَسَمًاQasaman"We Pledge"Capitaland largest cityAlgiers36°42′N3°13′E / 36.700°N 3.217°E / 36.700; 3.217Official languagesArabicTamazightNational vernacularAlgerian ArabicTamazightForeign languagesFrenchEnglishEthnic groupsSee Ethnic groupsReligion (2012)99% Sunni Islam (official)<1% othersDemonymAlgerianGovernmentUnitary semi-presidential republic• PresidentAbdelmadjid Tebboune• Prime MinisterSifi Ghrieb• Council PresidentAzouz Nasri• Assembly PresidentKhalida BoufedecheLegislatureParliament• Upper houseCouncil of the Nation• Lower housePeople's National AssemblyFormation• Numidia202 BC• Kingdom of Mauretania25 BC• Mauro-Roman Kingdom & Kingdom of the Aurès429• Kingdom of Altava578• Rustamid dynasty777• Zirid dynasty972• Hammadid Emirate1014• Almohad dynasty1121• Zayyanid dynasty1235• Regency of Algiers1515• French Conquest of Algeria and the Algerian popular resistance5 July 1830• Emirate of Abdelkader1832• Algerian War of Independence and the Provisional Government1 November 1954 – 19 March 1962• Independence5 July 1962Area • Total2,381,741 km (919,595 sq mi) (10th)Population• 2025 estimate 47,400,000 (32nd)• Density19/km (49.2/sq mi) (206th)GDP (PPP)2026 estimate• Total $941.544 billion (39th)• Per capita $19,677 (100th)GDP (nominal)2026 estimate• Total $317.173 billion (49th)• Per capita $6,628 (111th)Gini (2011)27.6low inequalityHDI (2023) 0.763high (96th)CurrencyAlgerian dinar (DZD)Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)Calling code+213ISO 3166 codeDZInternet TLD.dz.الجزائرAlgeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.
LibyaLibya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It borders the to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. With an area of almost 1.8 million km (700,000 sq mi), Libya is the fourth-largest country in Africa and the Arab world, and the 16th-largest in the world.
MaliCountry in West AfricaFlag EmblemMotto: "Un peuple, un but, une foi" (French)"Mɔgɔ kelen, laɲini kelen, dannaya kelen" (Bambara)"One people, one goal, one faith"Anthem: "Le Mali" (French)Show globeShow map of AfricaCapitaland largest cityBamako12°39′N8°0′W / 12.650°N 8.000°W / 12.650; -8.000Official languages13 national languagesBambaraBoboHassaniya ArabicBozoDogon, Toro SoFulaKassonkeManinkeMinyankaSenufo, SenaraSonghay, Koyraboro SenniSoninkeTamasheqSpoken languagesBambaraFulaArabicSoninkeSonghayMandinkaMinyankaTamasheqSenufoBoboBozoKassonkeSamogoDafingDogonWorking languageFrench (de facto)Ethnic groups (2022 Census)35.9% Bambara12.8% Fula9.4% Senufo8.4% Malinke8.2% Soninke6.1% Dogon4.8% Songhai3.9% Tuareg2.2% Bobo / Bwa10.5% otherReligion (2022 Census)96.4% Islam2.3% Christianity0.7% traditional faiths0.5% no religion0.1% other religionsDemonymMalianGovernmentUnitary presidential republic under a military junta• PresidentAssimi Goïta• Prime MinisterAbdoulaye Maïga (interim)LegislatureNational Transitional CouncilFormation• Establishment of the Sudanese Republic24 November 1958• Merger with Senegal to create the Mali Federation4 April 1959• Independence from France 20 June 1960• Dissolution of the Mali Federation 20 August 1960• Declaration of the Republic of Mali 22 September 1960Area • Total1,240,192 km (478,841 sq mi) (23rd)• Water (%)1.6Population• 2025 estimate 25,200,000 (61st)• 2022 census22,395,489• Density18/km (46.6/sq mi) (215th)GDP (PPP)2025 estimate• Total $72.74 billion (115th)• Per capita $2,930 (173rd)GDP (nominal)2025 estimate• Total $23.21 billion (121st)• Per capita $936 (175th)Gini (2021) 35.7medium inequalityHDI (2023) 0.419low (188th)CurrencyWest African CFA franc (XOF)Time zoneUTC±00:00 (GMT)Calling code+223ISO 3166 codeMLInternet TLD.mlMali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked country in West Africa.
NomadNomads are communities without fixed habitation who regularly move to and from areas. Such groups include hunter-gatherers, pastoral nomads (owning livestock), tinkers and trader nomads. In the twentieth century, the population of nomadic pastoral tribes slowly decreased, reaching an estimated 30–40 million nomads in the world as of 1995.
NigeriaNigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean to the south. It covers an area of 923,769 square kilometres (356,669 mi2). With a population of more than 242 million, it is the most populous country in Africa, and the world's sixth-most populous country. Nigeria borders Niger in the north, Chad in the northeast, Cameroon in the east, and Benin in the west.
ChadFlag Coat of armsMotto: "Unité, Travail, Progrès"(French)"Unity, Work, Progress"Anthem:"La Tchadienne"(French)"The Song of Chad"Show globeShow map of AfricaCapitaland largest cityN'Djamena12°06′19″N15°02′41″E / 12.10528°N 15.04472°E / 12.10528; 15.04472Official languagesFrenchArabicReligion (2020)55.1% Islam41.1% Christianity2.4% no religion1.3% Animism0.1% othersDemonymChadianGovernmentPresidential republic• PresidentMahamat Déby• Prime MinisterAllamaye HalinaLegislatureBicameral parliament• Upper houseSenate• Lower houseNational AssemblyIndependence from France• Autonomy granted 28 November 1958• Sovereign state 11 August 1960Area • Total1,280,000 km (490,000 sq mi) (20th)• Water (%)1.9Population• 2026 estimate 20,031,602 (64th)• Density15.1/km (39.1/sq mi) (218th)GDP(PPP)2026 estimate• Total $63.070 billion (147th)• Per capita $3,240 (179th)GDP(nominal)2026 estimate• Total $23.560 billion (145th)• Per capita $1,210 (183rd)Gini(2022) 37.4medium inequalityHDI(2023) 0.416low (190th)CurrencyCentral African CFA franc (XAF)Time zoneUTC+01:00 (WAT)Calling code+235ISO 3166 codeTDInternet TLD.tdChad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa.
PastoralismPastoralism is a form of animal husbandry where domesticated animals (known as "livestock") are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands (pastures) for grazing, historically by nomadic people who moved around with their herds. The animal species involved include cattle, camels, goats, yaks, llamas, reindeer, horses, and sheep. Those who practice pastoralism are called "pastoralists".
SudanSudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the southeast, and South Sudan to the south. Sudan has a population of 51.8 million people as of 2025 and occupies 1,886,068 square kilometres (728,215 square miles), making it Africa's third-largest country by area.
Burkina FasoFlag Coat of armsMotto: "La Patrie ou la Mort, Nous Vaincrons""Homeland or Death, we will overcome"Anthem:DitanyèShow globeShow map of AfricaCapitaland largest cityOuagadougou12°22′N1°32′W / 12.367°N 1.533°W / 12.367; -1.533Official languagesMooréDyulaFulaBissaWorking languagesEnglishFrenchEthnic groups (2010 est.)52% Mossi8.4% Fula7% Gurma4.9% Bobo4.6% Gurunsi4.5% Senufo3.7% Bissa2.4% Lobi2.3% Dagara1.9% Tuareg0.8% Dyula7.5% otherReligion (2019 census)63.8% Islam26.3% Christianity20.1% Catholicism6.2% Protestantism9% Animism0.7% irreligionDemonymBurkinabéGovernmentUnitary semi-presidential republic under a military junta• President of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and RestorationIbrahim Traoré• PresidentIbrahim Traoré (interim)• Prime MinisterJean Emmanuel Ouédraogo (interim)LegislatureNational AssemblyHistory• Republic of Upper Volta proclaimed 11 December 1958• Independence from France 5 August 1960• 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état3 January 1966• 2014 Burkina Faso uprising28 October – 3 November 2014• Jan 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état23–24 January 2022• Sep 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état30 September 2022Area • Total274,223 km (105,878 sq mi) (74th)• Water (%)0.148%Population• 2023 estimate 22,489,126 (58th)• Density86/km (222.7/sq mi) (126th)GDP(PPP)2026 estimate• Total $79.54 billion (116th)• Per capita $3,230 (175th)GDP(nominal)2026 estimate• Total $32.51 billion (116th)• Per capita $1,320 (170th)Gini(2021) 37.4medium inequalityHDI(2023) 0.459low (186th)CurrencyWest African CFA franc (XOF)Time zoneUTC+00:00 (GMT)Calling code+226ISO 3166 codeBFInternet TLD.bfBurkina Faso is a landlocked country in West Africa.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.