European Society for Translation StudiesThe European Society for Translation Studies (EST) is an international non-profit organization that promotes research on translation, interpreting, and localization. Name and abbreviationThe Society was registered on May 28, 1993 with the Bundespolizeidirektion in Vienna as the "Europäische Gesellschaft für Translationswissenschaft (European Society for Translation Studies - EST)".
TranslationTransfer of the meaning of something in one language into anotherKing Charles V the Wise commissions a translation of Aristotle. First square shows his ordering the translation; second square, the translation being made. Third and fourth squares show the finished translation being brought to, and then presented to, the King.Translation, in reference to language, is the communication of the meaning of a source-languagetext by means of an equivalenttarget-language text.
TerminologyTerminology is a group of specialized words and respective meanings in a particular field, and also the study of such terms and their use; the latter meaning is also known as terminology science. A term is a word, compound word, or expression that in specific contexts is given specific meanings—these may deviate from the meanings the same words have in other contexts and in everyday language.
Language localisationLanguage localisation (or language localization) is the process of adapting a product's translation to a specific country or region. It is the second phase of a larger process of product translation and cultural adaptation (for specific countries, regions, cultures or groups) to account for differences in distinct markets, a process known as internationalisation and localisation.Comparative literatureComparative literature is an academic field dealing with the study of literature and cultural expression across linguistic, national, geographic, and disciplinary boundaries. While most frequently practised with works of different languages, comparative literature may also be performed on works of the same language if the works originate from different nations or cultures in which that language is spoken.
James S. HolmesDutch author and poet James S. HolmesJames Stratton HolmesJames S. Holmes in 1981Born(1924-05-02)2 May 1924Iowa, United StatesDied6 November 1986(1986-11-06) (aged 62)Amsterdam, the NetherlandsOther namesJim Holmes Jacob LowlandOccupationsPoet, translator, translation scholarPartnerHans van MarleAwardsMartinus Nijhoff AwardAcademic workDisciplineTranslation StudiesNotable worksThe name and nature of translation studies (1975) James Stratton Holmes (2 May 1924 – 6 November 1986) was an American-Dutch poet, translator, and translation scholar.
LinguisticsScientific study of languageLinguistics is the scientific study of language.
SemioticsStudy of signsSemiotics is the study of signs. It is an interdisciplinary field that examines what signs are, how they form sign systems, and how individuals use signs to produce and communicate meaning. Semiotics is usually divided into syntactics, which addresses how signs are organized and combined; semantics, which addresses the relation between signs and their meanings; and pragmatics, which addresses the relation between signs and their users.
HistoryHistory is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some theorists categorize history as a social science, while others see it as part of the humanities or consider it a hybrid discipline.PhilologyPhilology (from Ancient Greek φιλολογία (philología) 'love of word') is the study of language in oral and written historical sources. It is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics with strong ties to etymology. Philology is also defined as the study of literary texts and oral and written records, the establishment of their authenticity and their original form, and the determination of their meaning.InterdisciplineAn interdiscipline or inter-discipline is a field that involves two or more academic disciplines but which also meets the formal criteria (such as dedicated research journals, conferences and university departments) to be considered a discipline in its own right. A field may be both a discipline and an interdiscipline at the same time, such as demography as explained below.
Computer scienceStudy of computationFundamental areas of computer scienceProgramming language theoryComputer architectureArtificial intelligenceComputational complexity theoryComputer science is the study of computation, information, and automation, together with their associated phenomena.
PhilosophyStudy of general and fundamental questionsThe statue The Thinker by Auguste Rodin is a symbol of philosophical thought.
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