Group 12 elementgroup 11 ← → boron groupGroup 12, by modern IUPAC numbering, is a group of chemical elements in the periodic table. It includes zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and copernicium (Cn). Formerly this group was named IIB (pronounced as "group two B", as the "II" is a Roman numeral) by CAS and old IUPAC system. The three group 12 elements that occur naturally are zinc, cadmium and mercury.
Group 11 elementgroup 10 ← → group 12Group 11, by modern IUPAC numbering, is a group of chemical elements in the periodic table, consisting of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), and roentgenium (Rg), although no chemical experiments have yet been carried out to confirm that roentgenium behaves like the heavier homologue to gold.
LanthanideElements with atomic numbers 57-70A lanthanide () (is any of the 15 metallicchemical elements with atomic numbers 57–71, from lanthanum through lutetium. In the periodic table, the first fourteen (up to ytterbium) fill the 4f orbitals. Lutetium (element 71) is also often considered a lanthanide, despite being a d-block element and a transition metal.
Chemical elementChemical substance not composed of simpler onesThe chemical elements ordered in the periodic table, as shown in the 32-column formatA chemical element is a species of atom defined by its number of protons. The number of protons is called the atomic number of that element. For example, oxygen has an atomic number of 8: each oxygen atom has 8 protons in its nucleus.
Group 3 elementGroup 3 is the first group of transition metals in the periodic table. This group is closely related to the rare-earth elements. It contains the four elements scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lutetium (Lu), and lawrencium (Lr). The group is also called the scandium group or scandium family after its lightest member.
Coordination complexA coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of boundmolecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents. Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.Oxidation stateIn chemistry, the oxidation state, or oxidation number, is the hypothetical charge of an atom assuming all of its bonds to other atoms are fully ionic. It describes the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound. Conceptually, the oxidation state may be positive, negative or zero. In a binary compound like KCl, oxidation state of +1 for K implies it has donated an electron Cl, which will have an oxidation state of -1.
Periodic tableTabular arrangement of the chemical elementsPeriodic table of the chemical elements showing the most or more commonly named sets of elements (in periodic tables), and a traditional dividing line between metals and nonmetals.
Block (periodic table)A block of the periodic table is a set of elements unified by the atomic orbitals their valence electrons or vacancies lie in. The term seems to have been first used by Charles Janet. Each block is named after its characteristic orbital: s-block, p-block, d-block, f-block and g-block. The block names (s, p, d, and f) are derived from the spectroscopic notation for the value of an electron's azimuthal quantum number: sharp (0), principal (1), diffuse (2), and fundamental (3).ActinideActinides in the periodic tableThe actinide () or actinoid () series encompasses at least the 14 metallic chemical elements in the 5f series, with atomic numbers from 89 to 102, actinium through to nobelium. Number 103, lawrencium, is also generally included despite being part of the 6d transition series. The actinide series derives its name from the first element in the series, actinium.
LigandIn coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule with a functional group that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex. The bonding with the metal generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's electron pairs, often through Lewis bases. The nature of metal–ligand bonding can range from covalent to ionic. Furthermore, the metal–ligand bond order can range from one to three.Thermal conductivity and resistivityIn physics, particularly in thermodynamics, the thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its intrinsic ability to locally conduct heat. It is commonly denoted by k {\displaystyle k} , λ {\displaystyle \lambda } , or κ {\displaystyle \kappa } and, in SI units, is measured in W·m−1·K−1. It quantifies the proportionality between the heat flux (heat flow rate per unit area, W·m−2) and the temperature gradient (K·m−1) in the direction of heat transport.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.