Schrödinger pictureIn physics, the Schrödinger picture or Schrödinger representation is a formulation of quantum mechanics in which the state vectors evolve in time, but the operators (observables and others) are mostly constant with respect to time (an exception is the Hamiltonian which may change if the potential V{\displaystyle V} changes).
Classical mechanicsIn physics, classical mechanics is a theory that describes the effect of forces on the motion of macroscopic objects and bulk matter, without considering quantum effects, and often without incorporating relativistic effects either. It is used in describing the motion of objects such as projectiles and particles, parts of machinery, spacecraft, planets, stars, galaxies, deformable solids, fluids, macromolecules and other objects.
Quantum mechanicsDescription of physical properties at the atomic and subatomic scaleWave functions of the electron in a hydrogen atom at different energy levels. Quantum mechanics cannot predict the exact location of a particle in space, only the probability of finding it at different locations.
Hamiltonian mechanicsIn physics, Hamiltonian mechanics is a reformulation of Lagrangian mechanics that emerged in 1833. Introduced by Sir William Rowan Hamilton, Hamiltonian mechanics replaces (generalized) velocities q˙i{\displaystyle {\dot {q}}^{i}} used in Lagrangian mechanics with (generalized) momenta. Both theories provide interpretations of classical mechanics and describe the same physical phenomena.
Lagrangian mechanicsFormulation of classical mechanicsJoseph-Louis Lagrange (1736–1813)In physics, Lagrangian mechanics is an alternate formulation of classical mechanics founded on the d'Alembert principle of virtual work. It was introduced by the Italian-French mathematician and astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange in his presentation to the Turin Academy of Science in 1760 culminating in his 1788 grand opus, Mécanique analytique.
ObservableIn physics, an observable is a physical property or physical quantity that can be measured. In classical mechanics, an observable is a real-valued "function" on the set of all possible system states, e.g., position and momentum. In quantum mechanics, an observable is described by a linear operator. For example, these operators might represent submitting the system to various electromagnetic fields and eventually reading a value.
Classical physicsClassical physics consists of scientific theories in the field of physics that are non-quantum or both non-quantum and non-relativistic, depending on the context. In historical discussions, classical physics refers to pre-1900 physics, while modern physics refers to post-1900 physics, which incorporates elements of quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity.
Rigid bodyThe position of a rigid body is determined by the position of its center of mass and by its attitude (at least six parameters in total).In classical mechanics, a rigid body, also known as a rigid object, is a solidbody in which deformation is zero or negligible, when a deforming pressure or deforming force is applied on it. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it.
Newton's laws of motionLaws in physics about force and motionNewton's laws of motion are three physical laws that describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it.
TimeContinuous progression from past to futureNot to be confused with Thyme.Time is the continuous progression of existence that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, and into the future.
Turing machineA Turing machine is a mathematical model of computation describing an abstract machine that manipulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules. Despite the model's simplicity, it is capable of implementing any computer algorithm. The machine operates on an infinite memory tape divided into discrete cells, each of which can hold a single symbol drawn from a finite set of symbols called the alphabet of the machine.Discrete time and continuous timeIn mathematical dynamics, discrete time and continuous time are two alternative frameworks within which variables that evolve over time are modeled.
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