Flag of the United StatesThe national flag of the United States of America, often referred to as the American flag or the U.S. flag, consists of thirteen horizontal stripes, alternating red and white starting with red, with a blue rectangle in the canton bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows, where rows of six stars alternate with rows of five stars.
Battle of BaltimoreBelligerentsUnited StatesUnited KingdomCommanders and leadersSamuel SmithJohn StrickerGeorge ArmisteadRobert Ross†Alexander CochraneArthur BrookeStrengthNorth Point: 3,200 militia and infantryHampstead Hill10,000 regulars 2,000–5,000 infantry and militia, 100+ gunsFort McHenry: 1,000 infantry and militia20 artillery pieces Additional defense: 8,000 militia150 artillery piecesTotal:22,000–25,000Land:5,000 infantry, marines, and sailorsSea:19 warships Detachment of Chasseurs Britanniques at least a companyCasualties and lossesNorth Point & Hampstead Hill:24 killed,139 wounded, 50 capturedFort McHenry:4 killed,24 woundedTotal:28 killed, 163 wounded,50 capturedNorth Point & Hampstead Hill:39–46 killed, 251–295 wounded1 missingFort McHenry:1 woundedTotal:39–46 killed,252–296 wounded1 missingThe Battle of Baltimore took place between British and American forces on September 12–14, 1814, during the War of 1812.
United StatesCountry primarily in North AmericaThe United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic consisting of 50 states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean.
Star-Spangled Banner (flag)The Star-Spangled Banner, or the Great Garrison Flag, was the garrison flag that flew over Fort McHenry in Baltimore Harbor during the naval portion of the Battle of Baltimore during the War of 1812. It is on exhibit at the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. Seeing the flag flying over Fort McHenry on the morning of September 14, 1814, after the battle ended, Francis Scott Key was inspired to write the poem "Defence of Fort M'Henry".
John Stafford SmithJohn Stafford Smith (bapt. 30 March 1750 – 21 September 1836) was an English composer, church organist, and early musicologist. He was one of the first serious collectors of manuscripts of works by Johann Sebastian Bach and a friend of his son Johann Christian Bach.
Music of the United KingdomMedia and performance Nationalistic and patriotic songs Regional musicThroughout the history of the British Isles, the land that is now the United Kingdom has been a major music producer, drawing inspiration from church music and traditional folk music, using instruments from England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales.
National anthemA national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style.
War of 1812BelligerentsUnited StatesCherokeeChickasawChoctawLower CreekTuscaroraUnited KingdomTecumseh's confederacyRed SticksMenomineeSix Nations of the Grand RiverWest Florida (1813–1814)Commanders and leadersJames MadisonJohn RodgersStephen DecaturAndrew JacksonJacob BrownWilliam Henry HarrisonWilliam HullWinfield ScottThe Earl of LiverpoolPhineas RiallAlexander CochraneGeorge PrevostIsaac Brock†Robert Ross†Edward Pakenham†Samuel Gibbs (DOW)Tecumseh†Roundhead#Strength 7,000 troops (at war's start) 35,800 troops (at war's end) 3,049 Rangers458,463 militia 12 frigates 14 other vessels515 privateer ships 5,200 troops (at war's start) 48,160 troops (at war's end)4,000 active sedentary Canadian Militia in Upper Canada & 2,000 in Lower Canada (active/being trained as of 1812-13); c. 45,000 listed in muster rolls, pay lists and other documents over the course of the war 11 ships of the line 34 frigates 52 other vessels9 Provincial Marine ships (at war's start)10,000–15,000 Native American allies500 Spanish garrison troops (Pensacola)Casualties and losses2,200 killed in action5,200 died of diseaseUp to 15,000 deaths from all causes4,505 wounded20,000 captured8 frigates captured or burned1,400 merchant ships captured278 privateers captured4,000 slaves escaped or freed2,700 died in combat10,000 died from all causes15,500 captured6 frigates captured or burnt56 small warships lost~1,344 merchant ships captured (373 recaptured)10,000 Indigenous warriors and civilians dead from all causes14 Spanish killed and 6 woundedThe War of 1812 was a conflict initiated by the United States against the United Kingdom and its allies fought mainly in North America and at sea during the wider Napoleonic Wars.
Francis Scott KeyFrancis Scott Key (August 1, 1779 – January 11, 1843) was an American lawyer, author, and poet from Frederick, Maryland, best known as the author of the poem "Defence of Fort M'Henry", which was set to a popular British tune and eventually became the American national anthem "The Star-Spangled Banner". In 1814 Key observed the British bombardment of Fort McHenry in Baltimore during the War of 1812.
Fort McHenryFort McHenry is a historical American coastal pentagonal bastion fort on Locust Point, now a neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland. It is best known for its role in the War of 1812, when it successfully defended Baltimore Harbor from an attack by the British Royal Navy from the Chesapeake Bay on September 13–14, 1814. The fort was built in 1798 and was used continuously by U.S. armed forces through World War I and by the United States Coast Guard in World War II.
Anacreontic SocietyThe Anacreontic Society was a popular gentlemen's club of amateur musicians in London founded in the mid-18th century. These barristers, doctors, and other professional men named their club after the Greek court poet Anacreon, who lived in the 6th century B.C. and whose poems, "anacreontics", were used to entertain patrons in Teos and Athens. Dubbed "the convivial bard of Greece", Anacreon's songs often celebrated women, wine, and entertaining.
Gentlemen's clubA gentlemen's club is a private social club of a type originally established by men from Britain's upper classes starting in the 17th century. Many countries and regions outside Britain have prominent gentlemen's clubs, mostly those associated with the British Empire. These include Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Singapore and the United Arab Emirates.
Royal NavyThe Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, responsible for defending the country, the Crown Dependencies, and the Overseas Territories from naval attack or invasion. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against France.
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