RitsuryōRitsuryō (律令; Japanese:) is the historical legal system based on the philosophies of Confucianism and Chinese Legalism in Feudal Japan. The political system in accord to Ritsuryō is called "Ritsuryō-sei" (律令制). Kyaku (格) are amendments of Ritsuryō, Shiki (式) are enactments. Ritsuryō defines both a criminal code (律, Ritsu) and an administrative code (令, Ryō).Yōrō CodeThe Yōrō Code (養老律令, Yōrō-ritsuryō) was one iteration of several codes or governing rules compiled in the early Nara period in Classical Japan. It was compiled in 718, the second year of the Yōrōregnal era by Fujiwara no Fuhito et al., but not promulgated until 757 under the regime of Fujiwara no Nakamaro under Empress Kōken. The penal code portions (ritsu) were largely lost, although they have been reconstructed.
JapanJapan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland, it is bordered to the west by the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk in the north, and the East China Sea in the south. The Japanese archipelago consists of four major islands alongside over 14,000 smaller islands.
Fujiwara no FuhitoFujiwara no Fuhito (藤原 不比等: 659 – 13 September 720) was a powerful member of the Imperial court of Japan during the Asuka and Nara periods. Second son of Fujiwara no Kamatari (or, according to one theory, of Emperor Tenji), he had sons by two women, and those sons were the founders of the four principal lineages of the Fujiwara clan: the South, North, Ceremonial, and Capital lineages.
Nara periodGokishichidō system showing ancient regions and provinces during the Nara period after the introduction of the Yōrō Code (720)LocationJapanLeadersGenmei (710–721)Emperor Kanmu (781–794)Key eventsJapanese smallpox epidemic (735–737)Fujiwara no Hirotsugu rebellion (740)Yōrō Code promulgated (757)
ChinaCountry in East AsiaChina, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is divided into 33 province-level divisions, including two special administrative regions. Beijing is the capital, while Shanghai is the most populous city by urban area. Its geography features the Central Plain, major rivers such as the Yangtze and Yellow River, deserts, subtropical and temperate forests, plateaus, and mountain ranges such as the Himalayas.Asuka periodShow Yamato kingship mapShow Taihō code provinces (701/702)LocationJapan (Wa (倭), renamed Nippon (日本) in 701)MonarchsKinmei (539/540–571)Tenmu (673–686)Genmei (707–710)LeadersSoga no Iname (538/552–570)Soga no Emishi (626–645)Key eventsIntroduction of BuddhismSoga–Mononobe conflict (552–587)Embassy to China (607)Isshi incident (10 July 645)Taika Reform (645)Jinshin War (672)Asuka Kiyomihara Code proclaimed (689)Capital moved from Asuka to Fujiwara-kyō (694)Taihō Code enacted…
Emperor MonmuEmperor Monmu (文武天皇, Monmu-tennō; 683–707) was the 42nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Monmu's reign spanned the years from 697 through 707.
ConfucianismChinese ethical and philosophical systemAlternative Chinese nameChinese儒教Literal meaningRu religious doctrineSecond alternative Chinese nameTraditional Chinese儒學Simplified Chinese儒学Literal meaningRu studiesVietnamese nameVietnameseNho giáoChữ Hán儒教Literal meaningRu teachingsKorean nameHangul유교Hanja儒敎Japanese nameKanji儒教HiraganaじゅきょうKatakanaジュキョウTemple of Confucius of Jiangyin, Wuxi, Jiangsu.
Tang dynastyImperial dynasty of China (618–907)CapitalChang'an(618–690, 705–904)Luoyang(904–907)Common languagesMiddle ChineseLiterary Chinese (official)Religion Majorities:Chinese BuddhismTaoismChinese folk religionMinorities:Nestorian ChristianityChinese ManichaeismZoroastrianismIslamGovernmentAbsolute monarchyEmperor • 618–626 (first) Emperor Gaozu• 626–649 Emperor Taizong• 712–756 Emperor Xuanzong• 904–907 (last) Emperor AiHistorical eraMedieval East Asia• EstablishedJune 18, 618• W…Prince OsakabePrince Osakabe (刑部(忍壁)親王, Osakabe Shinnō) (died June 2, 705) was a Japanese imperial prince who helped write the Taihō Code (681 A.D.), alongside Fujiwara no Fuhito. The Code was essentially an administrative reorganization, which would serve as the basis for Japan's governmental structure for centuries afterwards.
Awata no MahitoAwata no Mahito (粟田 真人; ? – February 28, 719) was a Japanese nobleman of the late Asuka period and early Nara period.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.