Syrian Democratic Turkmen MovementThe Syrian Democratic Turkmen Movement (Turkish: Suriye Demokratik Türkmen Hareketi; Arabic: الحركة التركمانية الديمقراطية) is one of the two major opposition movements of Syrian Turkmens. Headquartered in Istanbul, it emerged in March 2012 from a split inmidst the foundation phase of the Syria Turkmen Bloc, which is the other major Syrian Turkmen movement.
Syria Turkmen BlocThe Syria Turkmen Bloc (Turkish: Suriye Türkmen Kitlesi) or Syrian Turkmen National Bloc (Arabic: الكتلة الوطنية التركمانية السورية) is one of the two major opposition movements of Syrian Turkmens. The party is headed by . The party was founded in Istanbul in February 2012. Still in the foundation phase, it suffered an early split, leading to the emergence of the Syrian Democratic Turkmen Movement.
National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition ForcesCoalition of Syrian opposition groups The National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces, commonly named the Syrian National Coalition (SNC), or the Syrian National Revolutionary Coalition (SNRC) was a pro-democracy political organization founded in Doha, Qatar, in November 2012 during the Syrian civil war in an attempt to coalesce the various opposition movements to Bashar al-Assad's Ba'athist regime.
Syrian TurkmenSyrian Turkmen, also referred to as Syrian Turks (Arabic: تركمان سوريا, romanized: Turkumān Sūriyā; Turkish: Suriye Türkmenleri) are Syrian citizens of Turkish origin who mainly trace their roots to Anatolia (i.e. modern Turkey). Turkish-speaking Syrian Turkmen make up one of the country's minority groups.
Syrian Turkmen BrigadesSyrian Turkmen Brigades (Turkish: Suriye Türkmen Tugayları; Arabic: كتائب تركمان سوريا), also called the United Turkmen Army (Turkish: Birleşik Türkmen Ordusu; Arabic: الجيش التركماني الموحد), were an informal armed opposition structure composed of Syrian Turkmen that form the military wing of the Syrian Turkmen Assembly, primarily fighting against the Syrian Arab Armed Forces, Islamic State (IS) and the Syrian Democratic Forces.
Syrian National CouncilThe Syrian National Council (SNC), also known as the Syrian National Transitional Council or the National Council of Syria, was a Syrian opposition coalition based in Istanbul, Turkey. It was formed in August 2011 during the Syrian civil uprising (which escalated into civil war) against the government of Bashar al-Assad. Initially, the council denied seeking to play the role of a government in exile, but this changed a few months later when violence in Syria intensified.
Syrian civil war2011–2024 armed conflict in SyriaBelligerentsFull list of factionsCasualties and lossesTotal deaths656,493+Civilian deaths219,223–306,887+ Displaced people6.7 million internally6.6 million externally (refugees) (March 2021)See Casualties of the Syrian civil war for detailsThe Syrian civil war was an armed conflict that began with the Syrian revolution in March 2011, when popular discontent with the Ba'athist regime ruled by Bashar al-Assad triggered large-scale protests and pro-democracy rallies across Syria, as part of the wider Arab Spring.
Geneva peace talks on Syria (2016)Intended peace negotiations Geneva Peace talks (2016)StatusSuspendedGenrePeace talksLocationGenevaCountrySwitzerlandOrganized byUnited Nations Part of a series onthe Syrian civil warSyrian peace process HistoryStart of Syrian Revolution2011Arab League initiatives I and II2011–12Churkin peace plan2012Kofi Annan peace plan (Geneva I)2012Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan2012U.S.–Russia peace proposal (2013)2013Geneva II Mideast peace conference2014Staffan de Mistura peace plan2015Zabadani agreement2015Vienna talks2015Geneva III2016US-Russia ceasefire proposal (2016)2016Geneva IV2017Idlib demilitarization2018Northern Syria Buffer Zone2019Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone2019Syrian Constitutional Committee2019Syrian-Turkish normalization2022–24Fall of the Assad regime2024Syrian caretaker government2024–25Syrian Revolution Victory Conference2025Syrian National Dialogue Conference2025Syrian transitional government2025 Primary concerns Ba'athist Syria under Bashar al-Assad Human rights Humanitarian aid Israeli invasion of Syria (2024–present) Refugees Secularism in Syria Sectarianism Syrian caretaker government Syrian transitional government Secondary concerns Electricity supply Water supply Control of oil Situation in Aleppo Peace brokers Peace envoy for Syria (United Nations) UN Office for Coordination of Humanitarian affairs Arab League Syrian caretaker government Syrian transitional government Proposals Federalization of Syria Destruction of Chemical Weapons Constitution amendment: Constitution of Syria Constitution of the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East SyriaConstitutional Declaration of the Syrian Arab Republic Safe Zones Projects Friends of Syria Group Free Syrian University Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently States directly involved in the Peace ProcessSyria(Syrian caretaker government and Syrian transitional government)Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East SyriaSupreme Legal Committee in Suwayda vte The Geneva peace talks on Syria, also known as Geneva III, were intended peace negotiations between the Syrian government and opposition in Geneva under the auspices of the UN.
Fall of the Assad regimeOn 8 December 2024, the Assad regime in Syria collapsed during a major offensive by opposition forces. The offensive was spearheaded by Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), the Syrian National Army (SNA), and the Southern Operations Room (SOR), as part of the Syrian civil war that began with the Syrian revolution in 2011.
Turkish languageTurkic languageTurkish (Türkçe, Türk dili, also known as Türkiye Türkçesi 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 90 million speakers. It is the national language of Turkey and one of two official languages of Cyprus. Significant smaller groups of Turkish speakers also exist in Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Greece, other parts of Europe, the South Caucasus, and some parts of Central Asia, Iraq, and Syria.
Islamic StateSalafi jihadist militant organisation
People's Defense UnitsMainly-Kurdish militia in SyriaMilitary unitBefore the end of 2024, territory under YPG-led SDF-controlled (green), and Turkish occupation of northern Syria (red)The People's Defense Units, Kurdish abbreviation YPG, also called People's Protection Units, was a libertarian socialistKurdish militant group in Syria and the primary component of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF).*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.