Change ringingChange ringing is the art of ringing a set of tuned bells in a tightly controlled manner to produce precise variations in their successive striking sequences, known as "changes". This can be by method ringing in which the ringers commit to memory the rules for generating each change, or by call changes, where the ringers are instructed how to generate each change by a conductor.
Manual bell ringingThe manual ringing of bells is a traditional method of striking a bell using a rope or a handle attached to the bell. This method has been used for centuries in churches, schools, and other buildings in order to announce the start of a mass or an event, or to call the attention of the population. Ringing bells manually consists of pulling the rope or handle in order to move the bell or the clapper from side to side, causing the bell to sound.
Mini-ringA Mini-Ring is a peal of small bells hung for change-ringing. They are used for training, demonstrational, and leisure purposes. Although normally hung in secular or private settings, several mini-rings are hung in churches.
Doppler effectThe Doppler effect (also Doppler shift) is the change in the frequency or, equivalently, the period of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the source of the wave. It is named after the physicist Christian Doppler, who described the phenomenon in 1842. A common example of a Doppler shift is the change of pitch heard when a vehicle approaches and recedes from an observer.
Bell-ringerA bell-ringer is a person who rings a bell, usually a church bell, by means of a rope or other mechanism. Despite some automation of bells for random swinging, there are still many active bell-ringers in the world, particularly those with an advanced ringing tradition such as full-circle or Russian ringing, which are artistic and skilled performances difficult to automate.
Church bellA church bell is a bell in a church designed to be heard outside the building. It can be a single bell, or part of a set of bells. Their main function is to call worshippers to the church for a service of worship, but are also rung on special occasions such as a wedding, or a funeral service.
TrunnionA trunnion (from Old French'trunk') is a cylindricalprotrusion used as a mounting or pivoting point. First associated with cannons, they are an important military development. In mechanical engineering (see the trunnion bearing section below), it is one part of a rotating joint where a shaft (the trunnion) is inserted into (and turns inside) a full or partial cylinder.
BellA bell () is a directly struck idiophonepercussion instrument. Most bells have the shape of a hollow cup that—when struck—vibrates in a single strong strike tone, with its sides forming an efficient resonator. The strike may be made by an internal "clapper" or "uvula", an external hammer, or—in small bells—by a small loose sphere enclosed within the body of the bell (jingle bell).
CampanologyCampanology () is the scientific and musical study of bells. It encompasses the technology of bells—how they are founded, tuned and rung—as well as the history, methods, and traditions of bellringing as an art. It is common to collect together a set of tuned bells and treat the whole as one musical instrument.
Ellacombe apparatusThe Ellacombe apparatus is a mechanism devised for performing change ringing on church bells by striking stationary bells with hammers. It does not produce the same sound as full circle ringing due to the absence of Doppler effect as the bells do not rotate, and the lack of a damping effect from the clapper after each strike.
Circular arcA circular arc is the arc of a circle between a pair of distinct points. If the two points are not directly opposite each other, one of these arcs, the minor arc, subtends a central angle that is less than πradians (180 degrees); and the other arc, the major arc, subtends an angle greater than π radians. An arc of a circle is defined as a part of the circumference of the circle. A straight line that connects the two ends of an arc is known as a chord of the circle.
Bolognese bell ringingBolognese bell ringing (Italian: sistema bolognese, suono alla bolognese, arte campanaria bolognese or campaneria bolognese) is a traditional system of manual bell ringing developed in Bologna, Italy. It is a form of full circle, manual ringing in which bells are swung to produce rhythmic patterns. Its characteristic performances take place inside the bell chamber, with bell-ringers standing close to the bells, wooden frames, short ropes and clappers.
Ring of bellsA "ring of bells" is the name bell ringers give to a set of bells hung for English full circle ringing. The term "peal of bells" is often used, though peal also refers to a change ringing performance of more than about 5,000 changes. By ringing a bell in a full circle, it was found in the early 17th century that the speed of the bell could be easily altered and the interval between successive soundings (strikes) of the bell could be accurately controlled.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.