Rajya SabhaThe Rajya Sabha, also known as Council of States, is the upper house of the Parliament of India, of which the Lok Sabha is the lower house. The Rajya Sabha represents India's federal units – the states and union territories. Where the Lok Sabha is directly elected by the population, the Rajya Sabha is composed of members chosen by the state and union territory legislatures, giving the states a formal role in national law-making.
Lok SabhaThe Lok Sabha, also known as the House of the People, is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of India, where the upper house is Rajya Sabha. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-past-the-post system to represent their respective constituencies, and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the president of India on the advice of the union council of ministers.
Prime Minister of IndiaHead of governmentThe prime minister of India (ISO: Bhāratīya Gaṇarājyasya Pradhānamantrī) is the head of government of the Republic of India. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen Council of Ministers, despite the President of India being the nominal head of state. The prime minister has to be a member of one of the houses of bicameral Parliament of India, alongside heading the respective house.
Forty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of IndiaThe Forty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, was enacted by the Janata Party which had won the 1977general elections campaigning on a promise to "restore the Constitution to the condition it was in before the [1975-1977] Emergency".
IndiaCountry in South AsiaIndia, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the world's seventh-largest country by area and the largest by population. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives.
President of IndiaThe president of India (ISO: Bhārata kē Rāṣṭrapati) is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, and the supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces. Droupadi Murmu is the 15th and current president, having taken office on 25 July 2022. The office of president was created when India's constitution came into force and it became a republic on 26 January 1950.
Fakhruddin Ali AhmedFakhruddin Ali Ahmed (Assamese pronunciation: [ɸɔkʱɹudːin ali aɦmɛd]; 13 May 1905 – 11 February 1977) was an Indian lawyer and politician who served as the President of India from 1974 to 1977. Born in Delhi, Ahmed studied in Delhi and Cambridge and was called to the bar from the Inner Temple, London in 1928. Returning to India, he practised law in Lahore and then in Guwahati.
Fundamental rights in IndiaThe Fundamental Rights in India enshrined in part III (Article 12–35) of the Constitution of India guarantee civil liberties such that all Indians can lead their lives in peace and harmony as citizens of India. These rights are known as "fundamental" as they are the most essential for all-round development i.e., material, intellectual, moral and spiritual and protected by fundamental law of the land i.e. constitution.
Federalism in IndiaThe Constitution of India establishes the structure of the Indian government, including the relationship between the federal government and state governments. Part XI of the Indian constitution specifies the distribution of legislative, administrative and executive powers between the union government and the States of India.Emergency provisions of the Constitution of IndiaEmergency Provisions are contained in Part Eighteen of the Constitution of India. The President of India has the power to impose emergency rule in any or all the Indian states if the security of part or all of India is threatened by "war or external aggression or armed rebellion".
Economy of IndiaIndia has a developing market-oriented economy with substantial state participation in strategic sectors. As of April 2026, it is the world's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). By per capita income, the nation ranks 149th by nominal GDP and 119th by PPP-adjusted GDP as of 2026.
Indian peopleIndian people or Indians are the citizens and nationals of the Republic of India or people who trace their ancestry to India. While the demonym "Indian" applies to people originating from the present-day India, it was also used as the identifying term for people originating from what is now Bangladesh and Pakistan prior to the Partition of India in 1947.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.