Cossack starshynaAmong Zaporozhian Cossacks, starshyna (Ukrainian: старши́на, Ukrainian pronunciation:) was a collective noun for administrative categories of military officers and state officials. In common parlance the term referred to the privileged social stratum of the Cossack society.
CossacksThe Cossacks or Kozak are a predominantly East Slavic, Eastern Orthodox Christian militant people, originating from the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. Cossacks played an important role in defending the southern borders of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and of the Russian Empire, countering the Crimean–Nogai raids, alongside economically developing steppe regions north of the Black Sea and around the Azov Sea.
Cossack Hetmanate1649–1764 Cossack state in UkraineToday part ofUkraineRussiaMoldovaBelarusHetmanate capitalalternate Hetman residencecapital of Little RussiaThe Cossack Hetmanate (Ukrainian: Гетьма́нщина; see other names), officially the Zaporozhian Host, was a stratocraticstate established by Registered Cossacks in Dnieper Ukraine.
Russian EmpireRussian state from 1721 to 1917The Russian Empire was an empire that extended across northern Eurasia from 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in 1917, forming the final era of Tsarist Russia and the wider Russian monarchy. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about 22,800,000 km (8,800,000 sq mi), roughly one-sixth of the world's landmass, making it the third-largest empire in history, behind only the British and Mongol empires.
Central AsiaSubregion of the Asian continentCentral Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and most of Kazakhstan. The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian suffix "-stan" (meaning 'land') in both respective native languages and most other languages.
SlavsGrouping of people (Learn how and when to remove this message) Ethnic group The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages.
Ukrainian languageEast Slavic languageUkrainian (українська мова, ukrainska mova, IPA:) is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Ukraine. It is the first (native) language of a large majority of Ukrainians. Written Ukrainian uses the Ukrainian alphabet, a variant of the Cyrillic script. The standard language is studied by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and Potebnia Institute of Linguistics.
HetmanHetman is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders (comparable to a field marshal or imperial marshal in the Holy Roman Empire). First used by the Czechs in Bohemia in the 15th century, it was the title of the second-highest military commander after the king in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 16th to 18th centuries.
TurkestanTurkestan, also spelled Turkistan, is a historical name for the region of Asia lying between the Caspian Sea to the west, Siberia to the north, the Gobi Desert in Mongolia to the east, and Iran, Indian subcontinent (Afghanistan and Pakistan), and Tibet to the south. Turkestan is primarily inhabited by Turkic peoples, as well as Russian and Tajik minorities.
AqsaqalAqsaqal or aksakal (literally meaning "white beard" in Turkic languages) refers to the patriarch of communities in Central Asia, the Caucasus and the Volga. Traditionally, an aqsaqal is the leader of a village or aul, and is in charge of all matters relating to customary law. Acting as advisors or judges, these elders have or had a role in politics and the justice system in countries and tribes for centuries.Romanization of UkrainianThe romanization of Ukrainian is the representation of the Ukrainian language in the Latin alphabet. Ukrainian is written in its own alphabet, which is based on the Cyrillic script. Romanization may be employed to represent Ukrainian text or pronunciation for non-Ukrainian readers, on computer systems that cannot reproduce Cyrillic characters, or for typists who are not familiar with the Ukrainian keyboard layout.Collective nounA collective noun is a word referring to a collection of things taken as a whole. Most collective nouns in everyday speech are not specific to one kind of thing. For example, the collective noun "group" can be applied to people ("a group of people"), or dogs ("a group of dogs"), or objects ("a group of stones"). Although syntactically the collective noun can be "singular", it's still semantically a collection of entities.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.