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Stamford Raffles

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Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (5 July 1781 – 5 July 1826) was a British colonial official who served as the governor of the Dutch East Indies between 1811 and 1816 and lieutenant-governor of Bencoolen between 1818 and 1824. Raffles was involved in the capture of the Indonesian island of Java from the Dutch during the Napoleonic Wars. It was returned under the Anglo–Dutch Treaty of 1824. He also wrote The History of Java in 1817, describing the history of the island from ancient times.

List of governors of the Dutch East IndiesList of governors of the Dutch East IndiesThis is a list of governors and colonial administrators of the Dutch East Indies.Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, also known as the Treaty of London (Dutch: Verdrag van Londen), was a treaty between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in London on 17 March 1824. The treaty was to resolve disputes arising from the execution of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814. For the Dutch, it was signed by Hendrik Fagel and Anton Reinhard Falck, and for the British, George Canning and Charles Williams-Wynn.French and British interregnum in the Dutch East IndiesFrench and British interregnum in the Dutch East IndiesThe action of 31 July 1811 during the French and British interregnumLocationEast IndiesIncludingEvents:Kingdom of HollandAnnexation by the First French EmpireInvasion of the Spice IslandsInvasion of JavaAnglo-Dutch TreatyBritish control reverted to Dutch possessionLeader(s)Herman Willem DaendelsJan Willem JanssensStamford RafflesJohn FendallKey eventsNapoleonic WarsBritish EmpireBritish EmpireThe British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, and colonisation attempts by Scotland during the 17th century.Dutch East IndiesDutch East IndiesDutch colony in Indonesia (1800–1949)Today part ofIndonesiaMalaysiaInvasion of Java (1811)Invasion of Java (1811)The invasion of Java was a successful British amphibious operation against Java in the Dutch East Indies between August and September 1811 during the Napoleonic Wars. Originally established as a colony of the Dutch East India Company, Java remained in Dutch hands throughout the French Revolutionary Wars, during which the French invaded the Dutch Republic, transforming it into the Batavian Republic in 1795 and the Kingdom of Holland in 1806.RafflesiaRafflesiaRafflesia (), or stinking corpse lily, is a genus of parasiticflowering plants in the family Rafflesiaceae. The species have enormous flowers, the buds rising from the ground or directly from the lower stems of their host plants; one species has the largest flower in the world. Plants of the World Online lists up to 41 species from this genus; all of them are found in Southeast Asia.Governors of BencoolenThis is a list of governors, deputy governors, residents, and lieutenant-governors of the presidency and residency versions of British Bencoolen.The History of JavaThe History of JavaThe History of Java is a book written by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles and published in 1817. The first volume describes the physical features of the island and Javanese people and their language, while the second covers the island's religion, ruins and arts, and its history up to 1811. Raffles was the British lieutenant governor of Java from 1811 to 1816 and wrote the book on his return to England.Napoleonic WarsNapoleonic Wars1803–1815 series of wars led by NapoleonBelligerentsCoalition forces: United Kingdom Habsburg monarchy Holy Roman Empire HanoverLiechtensteinand others... Austria Hungary Russia PrussiaSpainPortugalSwedenand others...JavaJavaJava is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in the South East Asian country of Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. Java is the world's most populous island, home to an estimated 159.2 million people; about 56% of the Indonesian population, while constituting only 7% of the country's land area. Indonesia's capital city, Jakarta, is located on Java's northwestern coast.Colonial OfficeColonial OfficeThe Colonial Office was a government department of the Kingdom of Great Britain and later of the United Kingdom, first created in 1768 from the Southern Department to deal with colonial affairs in North America (particularly the Thirteen Colonies, as well as the Canadian territories recently won from France), until merged into the new Home Office in 1782.subterfugesubterfugeRelated word or term.treacherytreacheryRelated word or term.

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