DisabilityImpairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictionsPictographs used by the United States National Park Service for wheelchair accessibility, low vision access and sign language interpretation.Disability is the experience of any condition that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities or have equitable access within a given society.
Down syndromeGenetic disorderMedical conditionDown syndrome or Down's syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is usually associated with developmental delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic physical features. The parents of the affected individual are usually genetically normal.
DysgraphiaDysgraphia is a neurological disorder and learning disability that concerns impairments in written expression, which affects the ability to write, primarily handwriting, but also coherence. It is a specific learning disability (SLD) as well as a transcription disability, meaning that it is a writing disorder associated with impaired handwriting, orthographic coding and finger sequencing (the movement of muscles required to write).
DyslexiaDyslexia, also known as word blindness, is a learning disability that affects either reading, writing, or speaking. Different people are affected to different degrees. Problems may include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, "sounding out" words in the head, pronouncing words when reading aloud and understanding what one reads. Often these difficulties are first noticed at school.
AutismAutism, also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a condition characterized by impairment in social communication and interaction, as well as a need or strong preference for predictability and routine, sensory processing differences, focused interests, or repetitive behaviors. Features of autism are present from early childhood and the condition typically persists throughout life.DyscalculiaDyscalculia is a learning disorder, resulting in difficulty learning or comprehending arithmetic, such as difficulty in understanding numbers, numeracy, learning how to manipulate numbers, performing mathematical calculations, and learning facts in mathematics. In the United Kingdom it is classified as a specific learning difficulty. It is sometimes colloquially referred to as "math dyslexia."
Cerebral palsyCerebral palsy (CP) is a group of movement disorders that appear in early childhood. Signs and symptoms vary among people and over time, but include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors. There may be problems with sensation, vision, hearing, and speech. Often, babies with cerebral palsy do not roll over, sit, crawl or walk as early as other children. Other symptoms may include seizures and problems with thinking or reasoning.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersAmerican psychiatric classification1952 edition of the DSM (DSM-I)The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM; latest edition: DSM-5-TR, published in March 2022) is a publication by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) for the classification of mental disorders using a common language and standard criteria.DeafnessDeafness has varying definitions in cultural and medical contexts. In medical contexts, the meaning of deafness is hearing loss that precludes a person from understanding spoken language, an audiological condition.
Visual impairmentDecreased ability to seeMedical conditionVisual or vision impairment (VI or VIP) is the partial or total inability of visual perception. In the absence of treatment such as corrective eyewear, assistive devices, and medical treatment, visual impairment may cause the individual difficulties with normal daily tasks, including reading and walking.
Developmental coordination disorderDevelopmental coordination disorder (DCD), also known as developmental motor coordination disorder, developmental dyspraxia, or simply dyspraxia (from Ancient Greekpraxis 'activity'), is a motor disorder characterized by impaired coordination of physical movements as a result of brain messages not being accurately transmitted to the body. Deficits in fine or gross motor skills interfere with activities of daily living.
International Classification of DiseasesThe International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is the globally authoritative medical classification and terminology used in epidemiology, health management, clinical diagnosis, and health information management, resource allocation, clinican recording, decision support and health financing. It exists currently in its eleventh revision ICD-11 and it is notably different in detail and technology from all previous revisions of ICD.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.