Coordinate systemIn geometry, a coordinate system is a system that uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine and standardize the position of the points or other geometric elements on a manifold such as Euclidean space. The coordinates are not interchangeable; they are commonly distinguished by their position in an ordered tuple, or by a label, such as in "the x-coordinate".
Geographic coordinate conversionOverview of GPS conversion formulasIn geodesy, conversion among different geographic coordinate systems is made necessary by the different geographic coordinate systems in use across the world and over time. Coordinate conversion is composed of a number of different types of conversion: format change of geographic coordinates, conversion of coordinate systems, or transformation to different geodetic datums.
Geographic coordinate systemA geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. It is the simplest, oldest, and most widely used type of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others.
Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate systemInternational Terrestrial Reference SystemSpatial Reference System Identifier (SRID)Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
World Geodetic SystemInternational Terrestrial Reference SystemSpatial Reference System Identifier (SRID)Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
Map projectionIn cartography, a map projection is any of a broad set of transformations employed to represent the curved two-dimensional surface of a globe on a plane. In a map projection, coordinates, often expressed as latitude and longitude, of locations from the surface of the globe are transformed to coordinates on a plane. Projection is a necessary step in creating a two-dimensional map and is one of the essential elements of cartography.
Geodetic datumInternational Terrestrial Reference SystemSpatial Reference System Identifier (SRID)Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
Analytic geometryStudy of geometry using a coordinate system In mathematics, analytic geometry, also known as coordinate geometry or Cartesian geometry, is the study of geometry using a coordinate system. This contrasts with synthetic geometry. Analytic geometry is used in physics and engineering, and also in aviation, rocketry, space science, spaceflight, statistics, economics, and the social sciences.
Earth ellipsoidAn Earth ellipsoid or Earth spheroid is a mathematical figure approximating the Earth's shape and size, used as part of a reference frame for coordinates and computations in geodesy, astronomy, and the geosciences. Various different reference ellipsoids have been used as approximations. It is an oblate spheroid (an ellipsoid of revolution) whose minor axis (polar diameter), connecting the geographical poles, is approximately aligned with the Earth's axis of rotation.
GeoinformaticsGeoinformatics is a scientific field primarily within the domains of Computer Science and technical geography. It focuses on the programming of applications, spatial data structures, and the analysis of objects and space-time phenomena related to the surface and underneath of Earth and other celestial bodies. The field develops software and web services to model and analyse spatial data, serving the needs of geosciences and related scientific and engineering disciplines.
CartographyStudy and practice of making mapsCartography () is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an imagined reality) can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively. The fundamental objectives of traditional cartography are to: Set the map's agenda and select traits of the object to be mapped. This is the concern of map editing.
Hellenistic periodPeriod of eastern Mediterranean history from 323 to 30 BCThe Winged Victory of Samothrace (The Winged Nike) is considered one of the greatest masterpieces of Hellenistic art.Location, Middle East, Central Asia, South AsiaIn classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Greek, and Middle Eastern history following Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BC, in which all these regions were under the influence of Greek leadership, culture, and language as a result of Alexander's conquests.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.