Ma ZhongyingCommander GaChinese尕司令Ma BuyingTraditional Chinese馬步英Simplified Chinese马步英Ma Zhongying, also Ma Chung-ying (traditional Chinese: 馬仲英; simplified Chinese: 马仲英; pinyin: Mǎ Zhòngyīng; Wade–Giles: Ma Chung-ying, Xiao'erjing: مَا جٌیِئٍ; c. 1910 or 1908 – after 1936), nickname Commander Ga (尕司令, lit. youngster commander), was a Chinese Muslimwarlord during the Warlord era of China.
Ma HushanMa Hushan (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ﺧُﻮْ شً, traditional Chinese: 馬虎山; simplified Chinese: 马虎山; pinyin: Mǎ Hǔshān; 1910 – 1954) was a Chinese Muslim warlord and the brother-in-law and follower of Ma Zhongying, a Dungan/Hui Ma Clique warlord. He ruled over an area of Southern Xinjiang, called Tunganistan by Westerners (as the Hui were then known as 'Tunganis'), from 1934 to 1937. Locals sometimes referred to him as padishah (lit.'king').
Sheng ShicaiSheng Shicai (Chinese: 盛世才; 3 December 1895 – 13 July 1970) was a Chinese warlord who ruled the province of Xinjiang from 1933 to 1944. He was a Manchurian-born Han Chinese, educated in Tokyo, Empire of Japan, where he studied political economy and later attended the Imperial Japanese Army Academy. Sheng had become a Marxist in his youth, and after returning to China he participated in the anti-imperialist May Fourth Movement in 1919.
KuomintangPolitical party in the Republic of ChinaAbbreviationTraditional Chinese國民黨Simplified Chinese国民党Literal meaningNationals' PartyThe Kuomintang (KMT) is a major political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan). It was the sole ruling party of Mainland Chinafrom 1928 to 1949 until its relocation to Taiwan, and in Taiwan ruled under martial law until 1987.
Xinjiang Province, Republic of ChinaXinjiang Province (Chinese: 新疆省; pinyin: Xīnjiāng Shěng) or Sinkiang Province was a province of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1912 to 1992. Its existence was nominal after the ROC's defeat in the Chinese Civil War and the subsequent incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949.
White movementMajor faction in the Russian Civil WarThe White movement, also known as the Whites, was one of the main factions of the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922. It was led mainly by the right-wing and conservative officers of the Russian Empire, while the Bolsheviks who led the October Revolution in Russia, also known as the Reds, and their supporters, were regarded as the main enemies of the Whites.
Red ArmySoviet army and air force from 1918 to 1946Military unit
Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from its formation in 1922 until its dissolution in 1991. It was the world's third-most populous country, the largest by area, and bordered twelve other countries.
Simplified Chinese charactersStandardized set of Chinese characters This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article needs more citations. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.Traditional Chinese charactersTraditional Chinese characters are one of two standardized character sets used to write the Chinese language, with the other being simplified characters. Traditional characters predominated in written Chinese, the historical lingua franca of East Asia, until the mid-20th century. Today, they are used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau, as well as in most overseas Chinese communities outside of Southeast Asia.
Military campaignA military campaign is large-scale long-duration significant military strategy plan incorporating a series of interrelated military operations or battles forming a distinct part of a larger conflict often called a war.
Northwestern ChinaNorthwestern China (Chinese: 中国西北地区) is a region in the People's Republic of China. It consists of five provincial administrative regions, namely Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Xinjiang. The region is characterized by a (semi-)arid continental climate. It has a diverse population including significant ethnic minorities such as Hui, Uyghurs and Tibetans. Culturally, the region has historically been influenced by the Silk Road.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.