Marxism–LeninismForm of communism1936 Soviet poster with the slogan "Raise the banner of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin!"PersonalEarly lifeResidencesDeath and state funeralPre-leadership1902 Batumi workers' strikes [ka]1905 Tampere conference1907 Tiflis bank robbery1906 Bolshevik raid on the Tsarevich GiorgiRussian RevolutionRussian Civil WarPolish-Soviet WarRise to powerLeader of the Soviet UnionTenureFirst five-year planAnti-religious campaign1930–1933 famineGreat PurgeDeath dates of victimsWorld War IIMolotov–Ribbentrop PactTehran ConferenceYalta ConferencePotsdam Conference1946–1947 famineExcess mortalityPolitical ideologyStalinismBibliographyComparison to NazismAntisemitismNeo-Marxism–LeninismWorksPoetry"Anarchism or Socialism?""Marxism and the National Question""Foundations of Leninism""Dizzy with Success""Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia""Ten Blows" speechAlleged 19 August 1939 speechFalsifiers of HistoryStalin NoteThe History of the Communist Party1936 Soviet ConstitutionDialectical and Historical MaterialismOrder No. 227Order No. 270"Marxism and Problems of Linguistics"Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSRJoseph Stalin bibliographyLegacyCult of personalityDe-StalinizationAnti-Stalinist leftAwards and honoursEponymous placesStatuesBlack Ribbon DayMarxism–Leninism is a communist ideology that became the largest faction of the communist movement following the October Revolution.
Dictatorship of the proletariatState of affairs in Marxist theory Part of a series onMarxism Outline Concepts Philosophy Alienation Dialectical materialism Ethics Historical materialism Ideology Praxis Reification Economic analysis Labour theory of value Law of value Value-form Abstract and concrete labour Socially necessary labour time Use value Exchange value Means of production Mode of production Capitalist Socialist Productive forces Relations of production Commodity (fetishism) Surplus product Surplus value Exploitation Wage labour Capital (accumulation) Critique of political economy Crisis theory Imperialism Reserve army of labour Tendency of the rate of profit to fall Social and political theory Class Bourgeoisie Proletariat Working class Lumpenproletariat Class consciousness False consciousness Classless society State theory State capitalism Withering away of the state Democracy Democratic centralism Dictatorship of the proletariat Radical democracy Soviet democracy Base and superstructure Communist society Cultural hegemony Human nature Immiseration Metabolic rift Private property Social reproduction Theory of history Class struggle Primitive accumulation Proletarian revolution World revolution Schools of thought Foundational Classical Marxism Orthodox Marxism Revisionist Marxism Primary branches Bukharinism Deng Xiaoping Theory Left communism Leninism Marxism–Leninism Maoism Titoism Trotskyism Western Marxism Frankfurt School Humanist Praxis School Structural Libertarian Marxism Autonomism Communization Operaismo Situationism Academic and post-1968 schools Analytical Budapest School Dependency theory Ecological Feminist Neo- Open New Marx Reading Political Post- Regulation school Subaltern Studies Value-criticism World-systems theory Other tendencies Austrian Centrist Marxism Black radical tradition De Leonism Eurocommunism Liberal Nkrumaism Fields of study Aesthetics Archaeology Anthropology Criminology Cultural analysis Cultural studies Film theory Geography Historiography International relations Literary criticism Mathematics Religion Sociology Theoretical works Foundational texts Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 Theses on Feuerbach The German Ideology The Poverty of Philosophy Wage Labour and Capital The Communist Manifesto The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte Grundrisse A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy Value, Price and Profit Das Kapital The Civil War in France Critique of the Gotha Programme Anti-Dühring The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy Early 20th century What Is to Be Done?
Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from its formation in 1922 until its dissolution in 1991. It was the world's third-most populous country, the largest by area, and bordered twelve other countries.
SocialismSocialism is an economic ideology and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership. It describes the economic, political, and social theories and movements associated with the implementation of such systems. Social ownership can take various forms, including public, community, collective, cooperative, or employee.
VanguardismVanguardism is a core concept of Leninism which states that a revolutionary vanguard party, composed of the most conscious and disciplined workers, must lead the proletariat in overthrowing capitalism and establishing socialism, ultimately progressing to communism. The vanguard works to engage the working class in revolutionary politics and to strengthen proletarian political power against the bourgeoisie.
National communismPolitical ideology combining nationalism with communism National communism is a term describing various forms in which Marxism–Leninism and communism has been adopted and/or implemented by leaders in different countries using aspects of nationalism or national identity to form a policy independent from communist internationalism.
Planned economyA planned economy is a type of economic system where investment, production and the allocation of capital goods takes place according to economy-wide economic plans and production plans. A planned economy may use centralized, decentralized, participatory or Soviet-type forms of economic planning. The level of centralization or decentralization in decision-making and participation depends on the specific type of planning mechanism employed.
CommunismCommunism (from Latin'common, universal') is a political and economicideology whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic classless order centered on common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products in society based on need. A communist society entails the absence of private property and social classes, and ultimately money and the state.
Mikhail GorbachevLeader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991Personal detailsBorn(1931-03-02)2 March 1931Privolnoye, North Caucasus Krai, Russian SFSR, Soviet UnionDied30 August 2022(2022-08-30) (aged 91)Moscow, RussiaResting placeNovodevichy CemeteryPartyCPSU(1952–1991)Independent(1991–2000; from 2013)ROSDP(2000–2001)SDPR(2001–2007)USD(2007–2013)SpouseRaisa Titarenko (m. 1953; died 1999)Children1EducationMoscow State UniversitySignatureWebsiteOfficial websiteCentral institution membership 1980–1991: Member, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th Politburo 1979–1980: Candidate, 25th Politburo 1978–1991: Member, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th Secretariat 1971–1991: Member, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th Central Committee Other offices held 2001–2004: Chairman, Social Democratic Party of Russia 1985–1991: Chairman, Defense Council 1970–1978: First Secretary, Stavropol Regional Committee Leader of the Soviet Union←ChernenkoNone (last holder)Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet and Russian politician who was the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until the country's dissolution in 1991.
PerestroikaPerestroika ( PERR-ə-STROY-kə; Russian: перестройка, romanized: perestroyka, IPA: [pʲɪrʲɪˈstrojkə] ) was a political reform movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s, widely associated with CPSU general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost ("transparency") policy reform.
One-party stateState where only one party may form a government Part of the politics seriesParty politics Political spectrum Left–right spectrum Far-leftLeft-wingCentre-leftCentreCentre-rightRight-wingFar-right Other Big tentRadical centrismSyncretism Major ideologies Agrarianism Anarchism Communism Conservatism Fascism Green politics Liberalism Libertarianism Monarchism Nationalism Progressivism Regionalism Religious democracy Social democracy Socialism Types Antisemitic Bloc Bourgeois Cartel Catch-all Competitive Elite Entrepreneurial Ethnic Euro Fraternal Major and Minor Mass Official party status Parliamentary opposition Party of power Volks Ruling and Opposition Rump Single-issue Transnational or International Taxi Leaders and organization Backbencher Caucus Caucus chair Frontbencher Lead candidate Leader of the Opposition Majority leader Minority leader Political faction Parliamentary leader Party chair Party leader Party spokesperson Party secretary Shadow cabinet Whip Internal elections Primary election Leadership election Open list Party convention/conference Leadership convention Party discipline Conscience vote Crossing the floor Party discipline Party line Party-line vote Party switching Whip Party systems One-party Dominant-partyTwo-partyMulti-party Non-partisan Coalitions between parties Coalition government Confidence and supply Consensus government Cordon sanitaire Divided government Electoral alliance Grand coalition Hung parliament Majority government Minority government National unity government Parliamentary group Rotation government Lists of political parties Ruling political parties by country Political parties by region Banned political parties Largest political parties Politics portalvte A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a governance structure in which only a single political party controls the ruling system.
CentralisationCentralisation or centralization (American English) is the process by which the activities of an organisation, particularly those regarding planning, decision-making, and framing strategies and policies, become concentrated within a particular group within that organisation. This creates a power structure where the said group occupies the highest level of hierarchy and has significantly more authority and influence over the other groups, who are considered its subordinates.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.