Arabic alphabetThe Arabic alphabet, or the Arabic abjad, is the Arabic script as specifically codified for writing the Arabic language. It is a unicameral script written from right-to-left in a cursive style, and includes 28 letters, of which most have contextual forms. The Arabic alphabet is an abjad, meaning that the letters only record consonants; due to its optional use of diacritics to notate vowels, it is considered an impure abjad.
Malagasy languageMalagasy ( ; Malagasy pronunciation:; Sorabe: مَلَغَسِ) is an Austronesian language and dialect continuum spoken in Madagascar. The standard variety, called Official Malagasy, is one of the official languages of Madagascar, alongside French.
Pegon scriptPegon (Javanese and Sundanese: اَكسارا ڤَيڮَون, romanized: Aksara Pégon; also known as اَبجَد ڤَيڮَون, Abjad Pégon; Madurese: أبجاْد ڤَيگو, Abjâd Pèghu) is a modified Arabic script used to write the Javanese, Sundanese, and Madurese languages, as an alternative to the Latin script or the Javanese script and the Sundanese script. It was used in a variety of applications, from religion, to diplomacy, to poetry.
ArabicCentral Semitic languageArabic is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic.
AbjadAn abjad (; or abgad, lit.'alphabet') is a writing system in which only consonants are represented by letter signs, leaving the vowels to be inferred by the reader (unless represented otherwise, such as by diacritics). This contrasts with alphabets that provide graphemes for both consonants and vowels. The term was introduced in 1990 by Peter T. Daniels.
Prenasalized consonantType of articulation Prenasalized consonants are phonetic sequences of a nasal and an obstruent (or occasionally a non-nasal sonorant) that behave phonologically like single consonants. When unambiguous, prenasalized consonants may simply be transcribed e.g. ⟨mb⟩. In the IPA, a tie bar may be used to specify that these are single segments, as in ⟨m͡b⟩ or ⟨m͜b⟩. The tie bar is commonly omitted.
SanskritAncient Indo-Aryan language of South AsiaSanskrit (; stem form संस्कृत; nominal singular संस्कृतम्, saṃskṛtam,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused there from the northwest in the late Bronze Age.
JavaJava is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in the South East Asian country of Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. Java is the world's most populous island, home to an estimated 159.2 million people; about 56% of the Indonesian population, while constituting only 7% of the country's land area. Indonesia's capital city, Jakarta, is located on Java's northwestern coast.SurahA surah (; Arabic: سُورَة, romanized: sūrah; pl. سُوَر, suwar) is an Arabic word meaning "chapter" in the Quran. There are 114 surah in the Quran, each divided into verses (Arabic: آيات, romanized: āyāt, lit. 'signs'). The surah are of unequal length; the shortest surah ("al-Kawthar") has only three verses, while the longest (al-Baqarah) contains 286 verses.
Malayo-Polynesian languagesThe Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 385.5 million speakers.AyinAyin (also ayn or ain; transliterated ⟨ʿ ⟩) is the sixteenth letter of the Semitic scripts, including Phoenician ʿayin 𐤏, Hebrew ʿayin ע, Aramaic ʿē 𐡏, Syriac ʿē ܥ, and Arabic ʿayn ع (where it is sixteenth in abjadi order only). It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪒, South Arabian 𐩲, and Ge'ez ዐ. The letter represents a voiced pharyngeal fricative (/ʕ/) or a similarly articulated consonant.
Antemoro peopleThe Antemoro (or Antaimoro, lit.'people of the shore') are an ethnic group of Madagascar living on the southeastern coast, mostly between Manakara and Farafangana. The name of tribe means From Imoro. is an historical name for the homeland of the Antemoro. Numbering around 500,000, this ethnic group mostly traces its origins back to East African Bantu and Indonesian Austronesian speakers like most other Malagasy.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.