HippeisHippeis (Ancient Greek: ἱππεῖς, singular ἱππεύς, hippeus) is a Greek term for cavalry. In ancient Athenian society, after the political reforms of Solon, the hippeus was the second highest of the four social classes. It was composed of men who had at least 300 medimnoi or their equivalent as yearly income. According to the Timocratic Constitution, the average citizen had a yearly income of less than 200 medimnoi.
TimocracyA timocracy (Ancient Greek: τιμοκρατία; from Greek τιμή timē, "honor, worth" and -κρατία -kratia, "rule") in Aristotle's Politics referred to a type of government in which citizens were equal in most respects, but their political participation was determined by a hierarchy based on property. Those whose wealth required them to contribute more to public expenses enjoyed greater political privileges in proportion to their means.
Draconian constitutionThe Draconian constitution, or Draco's code, was a written law code created by Draco in Athens around 620BC, in response to the unjust interpretation and modification of oral law by Athenian aristocrats. In the mid-seventh century BC, Ancient Greek societies began to codify basic law; this started in Athens with the emergence of Draco's code.
SolonSolon (; Ancient Greek: Σόλων; c. 630 – c. 560 BC) was an archaicAthenian statesman, lawmaker, political philosopher (philosopher in an etymological sense), and poet. He was one of the Seven Sages of Greece and is credited with laying the foundations for Athenian democracy. Solon's efforts to legislate against political, economic and moral decline resulted in his constitutional reform reforming most of Draco's laws.SeisachtheiaSeisachtheia (Greek: σεισάχθεια, from σείειν seiein, to shake, and ἄχθος achthos, burden, i.e. the relief of burdens) was a set of laws instituted by the Athenian lawmaker Solon (c. 638 BC–558 BC) in order to rectify the widespread serfdom and slavery that had run rampant in Athens by the 6th century BC, by debt relief.
AreopagusThe Areopagus () was a principal council of ancient Athens, later serving mainly as a judicial body responsible for cases of homicide, wounding, and certain religious offenses. It met on a rocky outcrop called the “Hill of Ares,” northwest of the Acropolis in Athens, Greece, from which it took its name. Its English name comes from the Late Latin composite form of the Greek name Areios Pagos, translated "Hill of Ares" (Ancient Greek: Ἄρειος Πάγος).
AristocracyForm of government Aristocracy (from Ancient Greek ἀριστοκρατίᾱ (aristokratíā) 'rule of the best'; from ἄριστος (áristos) 'best' and κράτος (krátos) 'power, strength') is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocrats.
History of AthensHistorical affiliationsKingdom of Athens 1556 BC–1068 BCCity-state of Athens 1068 BC–322 BCHellenic League 338 BC–323 BCHellenistic Athens 322 BC–86 BCRoman Republic 86 BC–27 BCRoman Empire 27 BC–395 ADEastern Roman Empire 395–1205Duchy of Athens 1205–1458Ottoman Empire 1458–1822, 1826–1832Provisional Administration of Greece 1822–1826Kingdom of Greece 1832–1924, 1935–1941, 1944–1973Second Hellenic Republic 1924–1935Hellenic State 1941–1944Greek junta 1973–1974Third Hellenic Republic 1974–presentAthens is one of the oldest named cities in the world, having been continuously inhabited for perhaps 5,000 years.
HomicideHomicide is an act in which a person causes the death of another person. A homicide requires only a volitional act, or an omission, that causes the death of another, and thus a homicide may result from accidental, reckless, or negligent acts even if there is no intent to cause harm.
Code of lawA code of law, also called a law code or legal code, is a systematic collection of statutes. It is a type of legislation that purports to exhaustively cover a complete system of laws or a particular area of law as it existed at the time the code was enacted, by a process of codification. Though the process and motivations for codification are similar in different common law and civil law systems, their usage is different.
SERFA spin exchange relaxation-free (SERF) magnetometer is a type of magnetometer developed at Princeton University in the early 2000s. SERF magnetometers measure magnetic fields by using lasers to detect the interaction between alkali metal atoms in a vapor and the magnetic field. The name for the technique comes from the fact that , a mechanism which usually scrambles the orientation of atomic spins, is avoided in these magnetometers.
Draco (legislator)Draco was the first legislator of Athens in Ancient Greece according to Athenian tradition and was active about 625 to 600 BC. He replaced the system of oral law and blood feud by the Draconian constitution, a written code to be enforced only by a court of law. His laws were supposed to have been very harsh, establishing the death penalty for most offenses. Tradition held that all of his laws were repealed by Solon, save for those on homicide.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.