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Software architecture

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Software architecture is the set of structures needed to reason about a software system and the discipline of creating such structures and systems. Each structure comprises software elements, relations among them, and properties of both elements and relations. The architecture of a software system is a metaphor, analogous to the architecture of a building.

Software architectA software architect is a software engineer responsible for high-level design choices related to overall system structure and behavior. It's a software architect's responsibility to match architectural characteristics (aka non-functional requirements) with business requirements. For example: Having high customer satisfaction requires availability, fault tolerance, security, testability, recoverability, agility and performance in the system.Software documentationSoftware documentationSoftware documentation is written text or illustration that accompanies computer software or is embedded in the source code. The documentation either explains how the software operates or how to use it, and may mean different things to people in different roles. Documentation is an important part of software engineering. Types of documentation include: Requirements – Statements that identify attributes, capabilities, characteristics, or qualities of a system.Non-functional requirementNon-functional requirementIn systems engineering and requirements engineering, a non-functional requirement (NFR) is a requirement that specifies criteria that can be used to judge the operation of a system, rather than specific behaviours. They are contrasted with functional requirements that define specific behavior or functions. The plan for implementing functional requirements is detailed in the system design.C4 modelC4 modelThe C4 model is a lean graphical notation technique for modeling the architecture of software systems. It is based on a structural decomposition (a hierarchical tree structure) of a system into containers and components and relies on existing modelling techniques such as Unified Modeling Language (UML) or entity–relationship diagrams (ERDs) for the more detailed decomposition of the architectural building blocks.Software systemSoftware systemA software system is a system of intercommunicating components based on software forming part of a computer system (a combination of hardware and software). It "consists of a number of separate programs, configuration files, which are used to set up these programs, system documentation, which describes the structure of the system, and user documentation, which explains how to use the system". A software system differs from a computer program or software.Software designSoftware design is the process of conceptualizing how a software system will work before it is implemented or modified. Software design also refers to the direct result of the design process – the concepts of how the software will work which may be formally documented or may be maintained less formally, including via oral tradition.Monolithic applicationMonolithic applicationIn software engineering, a monolithic application is a single unified software application that is self-contained and independent from other applications, but typically lacks flexibility. There are advantages and disadvantages of building applications in a monolithic style of software architecture, depending on requirements. Monolith applications are relatively simple and have a low cost but their shortcomings are lack of elasticity, fault tolerance and scalability.ArchitectureArchitectureArt and technique of designing buildingsIn adding the dome to the Florence Cathedral (Italy) in the early 15th century, the architect Filippo Brunelleschi not only transformed the building and the city, but also the role and status of the architect.Bauhaus building (Germany). The Bauhaus style co-started modernist architecture.Architecture is the study and practice of designing structures, especially habitable ones.Distributed computingDistributed computingDistributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems, defined as computer systems whose inter-communicating components are located on different networked computers. The components of a distributed system communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages to one another in order to achieve a common goal.Stakeholder (corporate)In a corporation, a stakeholder is a member of "groups without whose support the organization would cease to exist", as defined in the first usage of the word in a 1963 internal memorandum at the Stanford Research Institute.Project managementProject managementPractice of leading the work of a team to achieve goals and criteria at a specified timeProject management is the process of supervising the work of a team to achieve all project goals within the given constraints. This information is usually described in project documentation, created at the beginning of the development process. The primary constraints are scope, time and budget.MetaphorMetaphorA metaphor is a figure of speech that, for literary effect, refers to one thing by mentioning another. Thus, it invites the audience to make a comparison between two normally unrelated entities or ideas, which may provide clarity or identify hidden similarities between them. Metaphors are usually meant to create a likeness or an analogy. Scholars group metaphors with other types of figurative language, such as hyperbole and metonymy.

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