Prime numberNumber divisible only by 1 and itselfComposite numbers can be arranged into rectangles but prime numbers cannot.A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways of writing it as a product, 1 × 5 or 5 × 1, involve 5 itself.
Regular numberRegular numbers are numbers that evenly divide powers of 60 (or, equivalently, powers of 30). Equivalently, they are the numbers whose only prime divisors are 2, 3, and 5. As an example, 602 = 3600 = 48 × 75, so as divisors of a power of 60 both 48 and 75 are regular. These numbers arise in several areas of mathematics and its applications, and have different names coming from their different areas of study.
General number field sieveIn number theory, the general number field sieve (GNFS) is the most efficient classical algorithm known for factoring integers larger than 10.
Harmonic numberSum of the first n whole number reciprocals; 1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + ...
Number theoryBranch of pure mathematicsThe distribution of prime numbers, a central point of study in number theory, illustrated by an Ulam spiral. It shows the conditional independence between being prime and being a value of certain quadratic polynomials.Number theory is a branch of mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and arithmetic functions.
IntegerAn integer is the number zero (0), a positive natural number (1, 2, 3, ...), or the negation of a positive natural number (−1, −2, −3, ...). The negations or additive inverses of the positive natural numbers are referred to as negative integers.
CryptographyCryptography, or cryptology, is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. More generally, cryptography is about constructing and analyzing protocols that prevent third parties or the public from reading private messages. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, information security, electrical engineering, digital signal processing, physics, and others.
Power of twoA power of two is a number of the form 2 where n is an integer, that is, the result of exponentiation with the number two as the base and integer n as the exponent. In the fast-growing hierarchy, 2 is exactly equal to f1n(1){\displaystyle f_{1}^{n}(1)}. In the Hardy hierarchy, 2 is exactly equal to Hωn(1){\displaystyle H_{\omega {n}}(1)}. Powers of two with non-negative exponents are integers: 2 = 1, 2 = 2, and 2 is n 2s multiplied together.Highly composite numberA highly composite number is a positive integer that has more divisors than all smaller positive integers. If d(n) denotes the number of divisors of a positive integer n, then a positive integer N is highly composite if d(N) > d(n) for all n < N. For example, 6 is highly composite because d(6) = 4, and for n = 1,2,3,4,5, you get d(n) = 1,2,2,3,2, respectively, which are all less than 4.
Leonard AdlemanLeonard Max Adleman (born December 31, 1945) is an American computer scientist. He is one of the creators of the RSA encryption algorithm, for which he received the 2002 Turing Award. He is also known for the creation of the field of DNA computing and coining the term computer virus. BiographyLeonard M. Adleman was born to a Jewish family in California. His family had originally immigrated to the United States from modern-day Belarus, from the Minsk area.Sign (mathematics)In mathematics, the sign of a real number is its property of being either positive, negative, or 0. Depending on local conventions, zero may be considered as having its own unique sign, having no sign, or having both positive and negative sign. In some contexts, it makes sense to distinguish between a positive and a negative zero.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.